Coin of account

Statement coins were calculated quantities currency or accounting currency in accounting that did not exist as coins.

Statement coins existed as a theoretical counting measure or Zählmünze for coins and were due to debasement often later even to Münznominalen. Conversely, once coined as a nominal value of one currency coins were coins invoice later.

Early invoice currencies in " book form of money on accounts " arose out of the efforts of merchants to make himself independent of:

• State Münzverschlechterungen
• The natural wear of money in circulation
• The " tilting and rocking " of the coins by money changers and speculators
• The great variety of country-specific currency systems.

A good example was the Genoese Lira di Banco, whose excessive withholding, theoretical gold content the equivalent of 0.328 g of gold from 1675 to 1793 was constant.

Unlike invoice currency coins coins bore usually the prefix " specie " in reverse, such as the " Specie - Thaler " in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Invoice value coins were used for comparison of different monetary standard pronounced by domestic and foreign Kurantmünzen and were the basis of the Münzvergleich in the so-called Valvationstabellen for merchants and authorities. In addition, they were from the early modern period into the 19th century, important for many on regional trade agreements, as was often paid with physically different edelmetallgewichtigem, regional money locally.

For a long time, for example, the Reichstaler general accounting coin in Germany, although he initially still existed in 1580 as a full coin. Only Frederick the Great brought then with the (new, Prussian ) ausgemünzten Reichstaler from 1750, the accounting currency with real currency by the monetary reform Graumannsche back into harmony.

Another pure accounting currency was in the 16th century in Genoa " scudi di Marchi ," which was not coined - but the weight corresponded after 99 /100 of the theoretical amount of gold ducat and a full weight was used in the northern Italian commercial trade in account form.

The German gold mark from 1871 to 1914, represented by the gold coins of 10 and 20 Mark, could also be viewed as a theoretical and practical accounting currency as the State undertook also worn specimens that easily fell even among the precious metals Passiergewicht, by weight, full free coins to replace. This was true for example in the UK not for the embossed gold Sovereign (= 1 pound sterling), which was then only devalued taken in payment. Before 1817 - not yet coined as a golden Sovereign - served sterling as the bill coin and thus as a theoretical counting measure for 20 full -weight silver shillings or 240 pence.

The European Currency Unit, the precursor of the euro, was a pure currency of account, since no ECU cash - except " special coins " with medal character - existed. A similar bill currency was the transferable ruble, which was to offset the delivery of goods between the former Eastern Bloc countries.

Also in other countries there were invoicing currency or coins. Thus, it was expected in Switzerland in crowns or pounds, although never coins with these denominations were in circulation. In Russia, the ruble was used as an invoice coin, long before the actual ruble coins were minted.

There are also examples where real coins from original invoice coins and then turn real coins were later: From about 1300 was ( 12 Pfennig = 1 shilling ) in northern Germany as the shilling bill coin. During the 14th century, he was then marked as a coin in silver. Also, the gold solidus existed before 800 as coin with very high purchasing power and then survived a long time (= 1 Solidus siliquae 24 ) as an accounting coin.