Council of People's Commissars

The Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (Russian Совет Народных Комиссаров СССР; transcription: Soviet Narodnych Komissarow in short, совнарком; transcription: Sovnarkom; Abbreviation: СНК; transcription: SNK ) was established in 1917. He was on July 6, 1923 to March 15, 1946 the chief executive and legislative body of the Soviet Union. Since 16 March 1946, he was referred to as the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

History

Decree on the establishment

The " Decree on the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars " was adopted on October 27, 1917 at the Second All-Russian Congress of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Councils.

" Pending the convening of a Constituent Assembly a temporary worker and peasant government to lead the country formed, called the Council of People's Commissars. The management of the various branches of state life is transmitted Commissioners. They must ensure that the announced at the congress program life is fulfilled, in close collaboration with the mass organizations of workers, workers, sailors, soldiers, farmers and employees. the power of government comes from the Quorum of the chairmen of these committees, ie the Council of People's Commissars.

Supervision of the activities of People's Commissars carried out by the All-Russian Congress of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Councils and the Central Executive Committee (Russian Всероссийский Центральный Исполнительный Комитет ). These also have the right to replace the People's Commissars.

At present, the Council of People's Commissars comprises the following persons:

  • Chairman: Vladimir Lenin

People's Commissars for:

  • Internal Affairs: Alexei Rykov,
  • Agriculture: Vladimir Miliutin,
  • Work: Alexander Shliapnikov,
  • Military and Fleet: ( Committee ) Vladimir Antonov - Ovseyenko, Nikolai and Pavel Dybenko Krylenko,
  • Trade and Industry: Viktor Nogin,
  • Public Education: Anatoly Lunacharsky,
  • Finance: Ivan Skvortsov (pseudonym: Stepanov )
  • Foreign Affairs: Leon Trotsky,
  • Justice: Georgi Oppokow ( Lomov )
  • Food: Ivan Teodorowitsch,
  • Post and Telegraph: Nikolai Avilov ( Glebov )
  • Nationalities: Josef Stalin.

The post of People's Commissar for railway matters remain temporarily unfilled. "

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

According to the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( RSFSR ) of 10 July 1918, the Council of People's Commissars following tasks:

  • Management of the general affairs of the RSFSR and the various branches of government ( § 35 and 37);
  • Enactment of laws and the adoption of measures that are necessary to ensure the proper and smooth conduct of the affairs of state ( § 38).

After the founding of the Soviet Union, the functions of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union on the one hand and of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR were on the other hand clearly separated. According to the Constitution of the Soviet Union on January 31, 1924 ", the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decrees and orders which are binding on the entire territory of the Soviet Union passes " (§ 38). He also oversaw the legislation of the Councils of People's Commissars of the individual Soviet republics (of which the RSFSR was the largest ) and he was the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union accountable.

Soviet Union

After the founding of the Soviet Union in 1922 the first Soviet Constitution was adopted and separated the administration of the Soviet Union from the management of individual Soviet republics in the same year on 31 January 1924. Therefore, the People's Commissariat of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union were divided into allsowjetische People's Commissariat ( Commissariat People's Union ) and United People's Commissariat (Russian объединённые наркоматы ).

The People's Commissariat allsowjetischen exercised their power through their agent, while the combined popular commissioners exercised their power through the downstream People Commissariat of the individual Soviet republics. For example, were under the People Commissariat of Finance of the individual Soviet republics unite the People's Commissariat of Finance of the Soviet Union.

Allsowjetische People's Commissariat were the People's Commissariat for:

  • Foreign Affairs,
  • Military and navy,
  • Foreign trade,
  • Transport routes,
  • Post and telegraph.

United People's Commissariat were the People's Commissariat for:

  • Food,
  • Work,
  • Finance,
  • Workers 'and Peasants' Inspection,
  • Supreme Council of National Economy (Russian Высший Совет Народного Хозяйства ).

Some people police stations existed only at the level of the Soviet republics, but not on the level of the Union. This was particularly true for areas to where there were specific national differences between the Soviet Republics: agriculture, internal matter, justice, education, health and social protection,

According to the Soviet Constitution of 1924, the Council of People's Commissars was established by decision of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union. Until 1931, the Small Council of People's Commissars formed the caretaker government committee.

After the Soviet constitution of 1936, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR approved the composition of the Council of People's Commissars.

The Council of People's Commissars had to coordinate the work of the Union and The Republic People's Commissariat and to lead.

He had to take measures for the realization of the national economic plan, manage the state budget, strengthen the financial system, to ensure public order and control the foreign relations of the Soviet Union.

Because of the German attack on the Soviet Union on June 1941 and the rapid advance of the German troops 22 the relocation of the government to Kuibyshev (now Samara ) on the Volga was arranged on 15 October 1941. The Council of People's Commissars was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1946.

Chairman

  • Lenin (July 6, 1923 - January 21, 1924 )
  • Alexei Rykov (February 2, 1924 - December 19, 1930 )
  • Vyacheslav Molotov ( December 19, 1930 - May 6, 1941),
  • Stalin (May 6, 1941 - March 15, 1946 ).

First Deputy

  • Valerian Kuibyshev (May 14, 1934 - January 25, 1935 )
  • Nikolai Voznesensky (March 10, 1941 - March 15, 1946 )
  • Vyacheslav Molotov (August 15, 1942 - March 15, 1946 ).

Deputy

  • Lev Kamenev (July 6, 1923 - January 16, 1926 )
  • Alexei Rykov (July 6, 1923 - February 2, 1924 )
  • Alexandr Zjurupa ( July 6, 1923 - May 8, 1928),
  • Vlas Chubar ( July 6, 1923 - May 21, 1925 April 24, 1934 - July 4, 1938 )
  • Ivan Orachelaschwili ( July 6, 1923 - May 21, 1925),
  • Valerian Kuibyshev (January 16, 1926 - November 5, 1926, November 10, 1930 - May 14, 1934),
  • January Rudzutak ( January 16, 1926 - 25, 1937),
  • Grigory Ordzhonikidze (November 5, 1926 - November 10, 1930 )
  • Vasili Schmidt (August 11, 1928 - December 1, 1930 )
  • Andrei Andreyev (December 22, 1930 - October 9, 1931 )
  • Valeri Mezhlauk (April 25, 1934 - February 25, 1937, October 17, 1937 - December 1, 1937 )
  • Nikolai Antipov (April 27, 1935 - June 21, 1937 )
  • Anastas Mikoyan (July 22, 1937 - March 15, 1946 )
  • Stanislaw Kossior ( January 19, 1938 - May 3, 1938),
  • Lazar Kaganovich ( August 21, 1938 - May 15, 1944 December 20, 1944 - March 15, 1946 )
  • Nikolai Voznesensky (April 4, 1939 - March 10, 1941 )
  • Nikolai Bulganin ( September 16, 1938 - May 15, 1944),
  • Andrei Vyshinsky (May 31, 1939 - May 15, 1944 )
  • Rosalija Zemlyachka (May 8, 1939 - August 26, 1943 )
  • Alexei Kosygin (April 17, 1940 - March 15, 1946 )
  • Mikhail Pervukhin ( April 17, 1940 - May 15, 1944),
  • Vyacheslav Malyshev ( April 17, 1940 - May 15, 1944),
  • Kliment Voroshilov (May 7, 1940 - March 15, 1946 )
  • Lawrenti Beria (3 February 1941 - March 15, 1946 )
  • Lew Mechlis ( September 6, 1940 - May 15, 1944),
  • Saburov ( March 10, 1941 - May 15, 1944),
  • Vyacheslav Molotov (May 6, 1941 - August 16, 1942 )
  • Georgi Malenkov (May 15, 1944 - March 15, 1946 ).

Manager

  • Nikolai Petrovich Gorbunov (17 July 1923 - 29 December 1930 )
  • Platon Mikhailovich Kerzhentsev (December 29, 1930 - March 23, 1933 )
  • Ivan Ivanovich Miroshnikov (March 23, 1933 - March 29, 1937 )
  • Mikhail Fedorovich Arbuzov ( March 29, 1937 - July 31, 1937),
  • Nikolai Alekseevich Petrunitschew (July 31, 1937 - November 5, 1938 )
  • Ivan Grigoryevich Bolshakov (December 17, 1938 - June 4, 1939 )
  • Mikhail Dmitrievich Chlomow (June 10, 1939 - November 14, 1940 )
  • Yakov Jermolajewitsch Tschadajew (November 14, 1940 - March 15, 1946 ).
  • Authority (Soviet Union)
  • Russian SFSR
Council of Ministers (Soviet Union) All-Russian Central Executive Committee Vladimir Milyutin Georgy Oppokov 1924 Soviet Constitution 1936 Soviet Constitution Samara, Russia Alexander Tsiurupa Andrey Andreyev (politician) Valery Mezhlauk Andrey Vyshinsky Maksim Saburov
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