Dakhla Oasis
25.51666666666729.166666666667Koordinaten: 25 ° 31 'N, 29 ° 10' O
The sink ad - Dakhla (English ad - Dakhla, Arabic الداخلة ad - Dakhla, DMG ad - Dah ( i) la ) is one of the five western Lower Egypt and is located west of Kharga in the Libyan desert, about 200 km southeast of Farafra.
Details
Dakhla is the farthest oasis out of Cairo in Egypt. With the other lowering the Libyan Desert Dakhla is connected by daily bus.
The oasis is located in a valley surrounded by rock formations and has about 30 000 ha of cultivated area. The most important industry is the ( deficit ) agriculture. The products mainly include dates, olives, millet, rice, wheat and barley. Furthermore, clover and alfalfa are grown for animal feed, and fruit such as wine, guava, citrus fruits, apricots, oranges, pomegranates, plums and figs produced. Craft is operated in addition to agriculture.
The only alternative source of income is the State Administration and to a lesser extent tourism.
History
The sink ad - Dakhla has been inhabited almost continuously since the Pleistocene.
In Dakhla lived demonstrably since the 5th Dynasty Egyptian. Since the 6th Dynasty, it administered a ruler of the oasis. The administrative headquarters was located at the site of the present Qila 'el - Dabba (Arabic قلاع الضبة, DMG Qila ʿ ad Dabba ), the cemetery in the Ain Asil.
Among the most important finds from the late period include the so-called Dakhla stela from the 22nd dynasty, from the British HG Lyons courage was near the town found in 1984. It reports on disputes of water use.
Like all of the five western Lower Dakhla was densely populated during the Roman period. The fertile Dakhla supplied Rome with much needed crops.
There are ruins of Coptic churches in various places around Dakhla, which date from the 4th century. A Teilislamisierung sat around 1000 AD an AD, but there was never an Arab conquest.
Prepare 1820 geoprahische position of Dakhla by Frédéric Cailliaud and Letorzec was determined.
A German expedition led by Gerhard Rohlfs, with the aim of exploring the Libyan Desert in winter 1873/1874 made in the oasis station. This Rohlfssche expedition consisted of a number of well-known scientists. One of the results was the production of an accurate map of the whole Dakhla Oasis. Another unique feature was the inclusion of photography. The photographer Philipp Remelé made at about 150 negatives of the oasis. But not only landscapes, a series of portraits of the inhabitants Dachlas were made. Rohlfs has also drawn attention to the numerous ancient remains of settlements, fields and wells in the vicinity of the temple of Deir el- Hagar. Rohlfs investigated with the expedition members numerous ruins in the area of the oasis. Numerous finds mountains of potsherds, fragments of stone vessels, smaller bronze items and coins were found.
Remelé, which fell in Dakhla, was commissioned by Rohlfs with the excavation of the temple of Deir el- Hagar, ending Rohlfs further set out in the uncharted desert. The temple was uncovered, described and also documented photographically. Remelé came to the conclusion that the temple was destroyed by an earthquake. At this time, however, was already abandoned. The botanist Prof. Dr. Paul Ascherson and his assistant M. basket of Munich studied the gardens of the oasis for plants and insects. Although the expedition belonged to no zoologist, basket was because of his skills, able a collection of 400 numbers together. Ascherson was a total of 186 wild plant species. The result of the investigation was that the weed vegetation of the oasis is different from that of the Nile valley, on the other hand matches their characteristic features to that of the Mediterranean countries. On a pillar of the temple of Deir el- Hagar there is a graffito with the name of the expedition members.
From the Geological Survey funded and organized expeditions Oasis 1897. 1916 reached Dakhla was briefly occupied by the Sanusi before they were expelled by the British again.
Attractions
The oasis consists of 14 villages where some 70 000 people.
In the east the villages Tineida, al - Bashandi and Balat stand out. In al - Baschandi are Roman tombs, the grave of Kitines. The old town of Balat has small, narrow and covered roads.
In the west the town of courage, which is the largest settlement of the oasis is located. It has to have a well-stocked ethnographic museum. Qasr ad - Dakhla is the most important Islamic settlement in the valley Dakhla and was built on a Roman fort. Up to four-storey houses were built of mud brick. The in homes built, equipped with hieroglyphic stone blocks are from the Thoth temple in Amheida and were deported here. Other attractions include the approximately 2000 year old tombs of Qarat al - Muzawwaqa that belonged to the Roman city Amheida, and the Roman Temple of Deir al - Hagar, which was dedicated to the Theban Triad.