Divonne-les-Bains
Divonne- les- Bains is a commune, a spa resort as well as a sports and leisure center in the French department of Ain , in the Rhône -Alpes.
Geography
Divonne- les- Bains is located at 484 m above sea level. M., 8 km west-southwest of Nyon, about 17 kilometers north of the city of Geneva (air line). The resort extends in the far northeast of the Pays de Gex: a scenic location at the foot of the Jura under the Dole, at the Versoix, a tributary of Lake Geneva. Divonne- les- Bains is located close to the border with Switzerland.
The area of 33.88 km ² municipal area includes a portion of the Pays de Gex. The area is divided into two very different parts of the natural area. The south-eastern part is occupied by the once marshy plain, which is drained by the Versoix. Today, large sections of the bog is drained, and was created on the outskirts of the Lac de Divonne lake ( 466 m above sea level. M. ), an attraction for water sports. Natural wetlands, there are along the winding River Versoix, which forms across broad segments of the border with Switzerland. Your water concerns the Versoix, is mentioned in the headwaters of Divonne, from various sources in the area of the village and on Jurafuß.
Northwest to the level includes a gently rising towards the Jura, agriculturally intensively used at plateau (500 to 580 m above sea level. M. ). This plateau is west of Divonne- les- Bains from Mont Mussy (704 m above sea level. M. ) dominates, a Jurassic upstream forest height.
The entire Northwestern community half is occupied by the broad crest of the Jura. It forms from a geological point of view, anticline, which consists predominantly of sediments of the upper Jurassic period. Your steeper directed against Divonne- les- Bains slope is densely forested ( Bois de primogeniture and Bois de Vésenex ) and is subdivided by several gullies. With 1447 meters above sea level. M. is southwest of the summit of the Dole reached on the predominantly forested Jura ridge is the highest elevation of Divonne- les- Bains. Here are also typical karst features such as sinkholes and karst fields. In the far west the municipality area dates back to the Juralängstal Combe de Mijoux as well as the source of springing in this Talfurche Valserine. That the High Jura belonging northern municipality of Divonne- les- Bains is part of the Regional Natural Park of Haut -Jura and the nature reserve Haute Chaîne du Jura.
At Divonne -les -Bains, next to the actual village includes several villages and hamlets, including:
- Arbère (504 m above sea level. M. ) on the plateau of Mont Mussy on Südostfuß
- Plan ( 492 m above sea level. M. ) on the plateau north of Divonne- les- Bains then
- Villard ( 527 m above sea level. M. ) on the plateau at the Jurafuß
- Vésenex ( 497 m above sea level. M. ) on the plateau at the Jurafuß
- Crassy ( 473 m above sea level. M. ) on the right bank of the Boiron de Nyon directly on the border with Switzerland
- Les Mouilles (550 m above sea level. M. ) on the plateau at the Jurafuß
- La Baronne (590 m above sea level. M. ) on Jurafuß
- Saint- Gix ( 569 m above sea level. M. ) in the valley between the Mont Mussy and the Jura ridge
Neighboring communities Divonne- les- Bains are Grilly in the south, Vesancy, Mijoux and Lajoux in the West, Prémanon in the north and the Swiss towns of La fin in the Northeast, Crassier and Bogis -Bossey in the east, Chavannes -de- Bogis and Chavannes -des- Bois in the south.
History
The territory of Divonne- les- Bains was already inhabited during the Roman period. At La Buzelle remains of a Roman villa have been found. In addition, traces of a Roman aqueduct are obtained with the spring water from the Divonne has led to the city of Colonia Iulia Equestris (on the site of today's Nyon ).
Is first mentioned Divonne in 1110 under the name Divonae. Over time, the spelling on Divonna ( 1137 ), Divona ( 1164 ), Dyvona ( 1385 ), Dyvone ( 1398 ) and Dyvonne ( 1509 ) changed to the present name Divonne, which is on record since 1676. The place name is of Celtic origin and means about as much as the source of the gods.
In the 12th century Divonne initially formed a separate dominion, but soon fell into dependence by the Lords of Gex and these passed to the Counts of Geneva. From 1353 Divonne was under the House of Savoy rule. Together with the remaining part of the Pays de Gex, Divonne fell in 1536 as a bailiwick of the Bernese, who introduced the Reformation. With the Treaty of Lausanne in 1564 Divonne went back to the House of Savoy, however, came in 1590 during the wars between Geneva and Savoy under the Geneva rule. The Treaty of Lyon of the place came to France in 1601, which encouraged recatholicization the area. As the Reformed Church of Divonne was repealed in 1662, many residents took the emigration to the neighboring Bernese bailiwicks Nyon and Bonmont up.
With the reorganization of administrative divisions in the Geneva within the framework of the Vienna Congress Divonne remained in France, however, belonged to the free trade zone, which encompassed the entire Geneva basin. So close economic relations developed with the City of Geneva. As of 1849, the sources of Divonne were taken and used for the Kurbadebetrieb, whereby the village was known nationwide. As a result, the official municipality name Divonne- les- Bains was introduced in 1892. To a field change occurred on 15 February 1965 when the then independent municipality Vésenex - Crassy was incorporated to Divonne -les- Bains.
Attractions
The parish church of Divonne- les- Bains and its current form in the new construction in the 19th century. There are chapels in Vésenex and Crassy. The Château de Divonne was built on the site of a former dating from the 11th century castle in the 16th century. It was restored by 1765-70, increased in the second half of the 19th century and has a neo-Gothic chapel with bronze altar and murals. Today, the park is surrounded by a beautiful castle as a hotel. In Crassy is a castle, originally dating back to a medieval castle, and was remodeled in the 17th century.
Population
With 8388 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2011) Divonne- les- Bains is one of the larger communities of the department of Ain. Since the 1950s, a continuous increase in population was recorded, which continues today. Outside the old town center created numerous single and multi- family houses and apartment blocks. Meanwhile, the area around Divonne- les- Bains is loose overbuilt with residential and commercial areas. Today the community has to the outer belt agglomeration of Geneva.
Economy and infrastructure
Divonne- les- Bains was up to the beginning of the 20th century, mainly stamped by agriculture and the cure village. Today, agriculture has only a minor role. Since the 1950s, Divonne- les- Bains has gradually evolved into a place of residence for the agglomeration of Geneva. Today there are numerous companies of small and medium industries, and various industries, construction and trading companies and firms in the service sector. Commercial and industrial zones developed mainly in the plain south of the old town center. Many employed persons are also commuters who work across the border in Geneva agglomeration.
Since the 1970s, Divonne- les- Bains developed into an attractive recreational center, extends its catchment area far to Switzerland ( cantons of Vaud and Geneva). Among the significant attractions include the Lac de Divonne, the Casino ( built in 1954 ), the thermal baths, horse racing track, golf course, the Esplanade du Lac and the Forest Land.
The municipality region has a very well developed. It lies on the main road that leads from Gex to Nyon. Other important road links exist with Geneva and Coppet. The nearest links to the motorway, the Swiss A1, is located at a distance of about 3 km. The former railway line that ran from Bellegarde- sur -Valserine to Divonne -les- Bains, was shut down and is now replaced by a bus service. From 1905 to 1962 Nyon could be achieved over the train track - Divonne Nyon, today it is shut down and dismantled. Even the airport Genève- Cointrin is easily accessible.