Dryopteris affinis

Spreuschuppiger male fern ( Dryopteris affinis )

The Spreuschuppige male fern ( Dryopteris affinis ), Scaly Male Fern also, a fern from the kind of worm is ferns ( Dryopteris ).

Description

The Spreuschuppige male fern is a perennial plant with a short, thick rhizome that grows erect or ascending. It is filled with soft, broad and often ciliated scales. The plants reach stature heights of 100 to 160 cm.

At the base of the petiole five or more vascular bundles are present. The fertile and sterile fronds are almost the same design. The fronds are tufted and are leathery, dark green on the upper surface shiny and overwintering. They are simply pinnate with pinnatifid pinnae, or doubly pinnate. On each side are 20 to 35 leaflets, which are narrowed at the base. An essential feature of this type is the violet-black on the bottom Fiederansatz. The brush handle is three to four millimeters thick and is as well as the leaf stem ( rachis ) densely covered with long chaff shed.

The veils are rough and arched. The 35-60 microns long spores are formed from June to September.

Dissemination

The Spreuschuppige male fern is native to Europe and western Asia. He comes in the montane to subalpine altitudinal zone in the oceanic area of the meridional to the north temperate zone Flore ago. It grows mainly in damp, shady montane beech and fir forests and preferably lime-free soils.

System

The type Dryopteris affinis is a complex of different, partly diploid, triploid partly clans that proliferate apogam. Their morphological variability is very high and they also form with Dryopteris filix- mas hybrids.

There are three or four subspecies:

  • Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis: diploid chromosome number 2n = 82 Not Fiederabschnitte parallelrandig, therefore V-shaped gaps forming. The fronds hibernate. Deposits in south-western Europe and the Western Central Europe. Very rare in Styria and Tyrol.
  • Dryopteris affinis subsp. borreri: triploid chromosome number 2n = 123 Fiederabschnitte parallelrandig, front trimmed and only weakly denticulate. The fronds hibernate. Occurrence throughout the area.
  • Dryopteris affinis subsp. Cambrensis: triploid chromosome number 2n = 123 Fiederabschnitte parallelrandig, rounded at the front with distinctive protruding triangular teeth. The fronds not survive the winter. Lime-intolerant, occurrence in the whole area except southern Europe.
  • Dryopteris affinis subsp. pseudodisjuncta: ploidy unknown

Documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (ed.): Schmeil Fitschen - interactive ( CD -Rom ), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
  • Roy Christopher Fraser - Jenkins: Dryopteris, In: G. Hegi: Illustrated Flora of Central Europe, Volume I, Part 1, 3rd edition, Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-489-50020-2.
Leptosporangiate fern Genus Richard Thomas Lowe Dryopteris filix-mas
248102
de