Dryopteris filix-mas
Real male fern ( Dryopteris filix- mas )
Called The True Male Fern ( Dryopteris filix- mas ), and Common or Common Male Fern or Männerfarn, is considered as the most common Central European species of the genus of worm fern ( Dryopteris ).
Description
The fronds of this until winter green lasting fern are arranged in a funnel-shaped rosette. They reach a length of 30 to 140 ( 160) cm. The short petiole is loosely filled with yellow-brown chaff shed. The leaves are pinnate twice and is tapered; the narrowing towards the base is less pronounced. The rounded pinnules are cut sharp at the edge. The Fiederspindel, ie, the midrib of a pinnate leaf, is at the base without violet color. The sporangia ( sori ) are sitting in two rows on the bottom of the spore-bearing fronds. Your veil ( indusia ) are kidney-shaped, drüsenlos and thin; they do not include the Sori. The spores are spread from July to September and are 33-46 microns in size.
This type is similar to the ordinary Lady Fern ( Athyrium filix- femina ). However, this has bright green fronds and pinnules are cut fine, the male fern, however, has coarser and darker sawn pinnules fronds. This difference has also become the name of Lady Fern ( filix femina ) and Männerfarn ( filix mas ) out and goes back even to Leonhart Fuchs ( 1543), the Weible this Ferns Fern or Male Fern called mennle.
Occurrence
The True Male Fern is very common in fresh woods (mostly in Kiefer-/Buchenwäldern ) to make bushes, tall herb communities, forest beats, rock dumps and also on walls from the lowlands to the Alpine area. Its distribution extends from Europe and west to central Asia to North America, in North West Africa it is rare. Closely related species are found in tropical Asia and South America. The result is the kind allotetraploide as hybrids of Dryopteris oreades and Dryopteris caucasica, probably in the region of the Caucasus. She has the chromosome number 2n = 164
Importance as a forage crop (selection)
The caterpillars of the following butterflies feed on, among other things from the male fern.
- Achateule ( Phlogophora meticulosa )
- Purpurglanzeule ( Euplexia Lucipara )
Trivial names
In the German-speaking region or the other following trivial names were used for this species, some only regionally, related: Audernkraut ( Augsburg), thread ( Austria ), Faren, Fern, Farnkrautmännlein, Farnwurzel, chamfers ( Austria ), feather yarn ( Austria ), Flöhkraut (Eifel in Kelberg and Nurburg ), Five finger seasoning ( Austria ), glass ash Wurz ( middle High German ), Glaseschencrut ( middle High German ), lucky hand, witches herb, deer toes ( Salzburg Großarltal ), whores herb St. John's color ( Silesia), John hand, John Wurz ( Lechrain ), Mauckenkraut ( Austria ), Pestilenzwuttel ( Rendsburger pharmacy), Schabel (Thuringia in Ruhla ) Schawel (Thuringia in Ruhla ) Snakenkrut ( low German ), drop herb, forest driving, bugs Wurz, Woanzenkrokt ( Transylvania) and male fern.