Dumarsais Estimé
Dumarsais Estimé (* April 21, 1900 in Verrettes, † July 20, 1953 in New York City ) was a Haitian politician and President of Haiti.
Biography
Professional and political career
After attending the primary school of the Christian Brothers in the port city of Saint -Marc and the Lycée Pétion he holds a degree in mathematics. After graduation he was for a time worked as a mathematics teacher.
His political career began with the election of deputies of the Chamber of Deputies ( Chambre des Deputées ). In 1937 he was appointed by President Sténio Vincent as minister of education, agriculture and labor, and held that post until 1940.
President 1946-1950
After the fall of the dictatorial regime of Élie Lescot he was elected on 16 August 1946 by the National Assembly for a six -year term as president of Haiti. He beat out the favorite of Daniel Fignolé former colonel Démosthène Calixte, because Parliament could not vote against the nominees of the military leadership to Major Paul Eugène Magloire Estimé.
As the first black president for several decades, he saw himself forced into the political narrowness of the beginning of the mulatto elite and the populist movement Mouvement Ouvrier Paysan (MOP) of Fignolé, whom he appointed the Minister of Education. He was urged by Fignolés MOP, is connected to a small peasant populism with foreigners and opinions Mulattenfeindlichen use. Through him also gained the Voodoo its centrality.
In foreign policy, the Inter-American Treaty of Mutual Assistance ( Rio Treaty ) and on 30 April 1948, the Charter of the Organization of American States ( OAS) were signed during his presidency on August 30, 1947.
Domestically, fell into his term, the construction of irrigation systems for rice cultivation in the department of Artibonite, the construction of a power plant, the nationalization of Standard Fruit, raising the minimum wage, the structure of the model city Belladère, the introduction of income tax and the World Exhibition of 200 - year - celebration of the founding of Port -au -Prince by French sugar planters in 1949.
During his tenure he also faced a growing internal opposition and the hostility of the neighboring state, the Dominican Republic, exposed, which eventually led to a state of emergency on 15 November 1949 during which rejected a petition for women's suffrage in March 1950.
Because of these events and the statement that he wanted to again run counter to the Constitution for the presidency in 1952, which consists of the Supreme Franck Lavaud, Paul Eugène Magloire and Prosper general staff gave him on 10 May 1950 proclamation, in which his dismissal was declared.
He then went into exile in Jamaica. After another stay in France, he settled in New York City, where he died just three years later.
Relations with Duvalier and family
Among his students as a math teacher who later became president and dictator François Duvalier, who he referred to the health and labor minister in his government in 1949 belonged.
When François Duvalier four years after his death in 1957 became president himself, called Estimés widow, Lucienne Heurtelou Estimé him as a spiritual successor to her late husband. Duvalier convened Estimé Lucienne, who was killed in 2006 at the age of 86 years during a robbery, an ambassador in Brussels. Estimés son Jean Robert Estimé was Foreign Minister from 1982 to 1985 during the presidency of Duvalier's son, Jean -Claude Duvalier.