Egyptian constitutional referendum, 2012

• Government that voted for " Yes "
• Government, that was true below the national average for " Yes "
• Government that voted for "No"

A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt on 15 and on December 22, 2012.

For the implementation of the referendum, the Egyptian governorates are divided into two groups. In the first group, which comprises 10 governorates, including Cairo, Alexandria, Gharbiya, Sharqiya, Daqahliya, Assiut, Sohag, Aswan, North and South Sinai was on the 15th, in the second group, which covers the remaining 17 provinces, including Giza, El- Fayyoum and Suez, which was voted on 22 December.

Egyptians who live outside the country should be allowed to vote originally from 8 to 11 December. The end date of this period, but was postponed to December 17, as the crowds in some Egyptian embassies abroad has been great in the first few days.

On 25 December 2012, the committee supervising the referendum was officially announced that the draft constitution by a majority of the Egyptian population has been adopted. A day later, President Mursi signed the constitution, thus came into force. Thus shall take place until February 26, 2013 parliamentary elections.

Before the vote on the referendum, the strongest party had in the Constituent Assembly, the Freedom and Justice Party ( which has close ties to the Muslim Brotherhood ), stated that there would be direct elections for a new Constituent Assembly, if the new constitution will not be accepted. This case has not occurred.

Constitution subject

Voters will be asked whether they accept a new constitution, which was drafted by the Constituent Assembly. The underlying design was decided in a 19 - hour session on the night of 30 November 2012. As in the previous 1971 Constitution should be the main source of legislation principles of Islamic law ( Sharia ). The term of office of the President shall, otherwise than in the past, are limited to two terms, ie a maximum of eight years.

According to Vice President Mahmoud Makki 15 of the 234 articles of the draft Constitution shall be deemed controversial. Mekki invited the opposition to find up to the date of the vote a consensus on these items. As to vague and elastic, the opposition criticized in particular arrangements for the preservation of the "true values ​​of the Egyptian family ", to the guarantee of " ethics and morality and public [r ] order," and the constitutional prohibition of defamation of individuals and of the prophets. Critics fear that the state could justify these rules restricting the guaranteed draft freedom of expression. Religious freedom, the Constitutional draft only for the so-called religions of the book, but not for smaller denominations before. There is a general principle of equal treatment and non-discrimination for all citizens, but an initially proposed Article on equality of women was deleted from the final version.

Irregularities

Human rights groups and opposition activists accused the Muslim Brotherhood before the elections manipulated the constitutional referendum to have.

So many Muslim brothers are in the polling stations themselves as the electoral process be monitored lawyers have issued, but then votes against many places have just destroyed. Citizens should have this reported more than 4,000 violations that were ignored by electoral observers, however. Also said to have been prevented from voting in some areas liberals, Christians and left.

The National Salvation Front, in which the most important liberal and secular opposition parties are united, stated, " The extent of manipulation shows the clear will of the Muslim Brotherhood, to distort the will of the voters in order to carry on the Constitution of the Brotherhood ."

Opponents and supporters

The Egyptian Judges' Club has announced to boycott the referendum. For the validity of the vote, however, the monitoring is required by judges. The intervention of 7,000 judges nationwide is needed.

The alliance of the National Salvation Front was strongly opposed to the referendum: So the Constitution Party involved in No - voting campaign, members of the Egyptian Social Democratic Party also voted no, while the party of the Free Egyptians boycotted the vote. The party Strong Egypt launched a campaign to be voted at the referendum in the negative. The Hazemoun movement, followers of the radical preacher Hazem Salah Abu Ismail, is also against the Constitution because it does not make the Shariah the only source of legislation.

Among the declared supporters include the Salafist party of light, the construction and Development Party, which is the political arm of the Islamist al - Jama ʿ a al - Islamiyya, and the party of integrity and development.

Results by Round

Not yet officially confirmed result of the first round:

Not yet officially confirmed result of the second round:

Overall result

Officially confirmed total income ( total of 16,754,922 or 98.22 % of valid votes):

The total number of the voting electorate was 51,919,067.

Gallery

• Second round of the referendum on the Egyptian constitution (22 December 2012):

Supervision of the constitutional referendum in Cairo by the Egyptian army

Ballot in Cairo for the constitutional referendum with no vote (red circle) and affirmative ( blue circle)

Voters in Cairo are stained fingers after submission of the ballot paper with ink in order to prevent multiple votes

Egyptian woman in the voting in Giza