Elwood Haynes

Elwood Haynes ( born October 14, 1857 in Portland, Indiana, † April 13, 1925 in Kokomo, Indiana ) was an American inventor, metallurgist, automotive pioneer and entrepreneur. He invented the alloy Stellite, designed one of the first automobiles in the United States and founded the company Haynes International.

• 2.1 Gas Boom
• 2.2 automobile 2.2.1 The first automobile
• 2.2.2 automobile manufacturing

Life

Early life

Haynes was born the fifth child of Judge Jacob M. Haynes and his wife Hilinda S. Haynes on October 14, 1857 in Portland, Indiana. His ancestors emigrated in 1689 from England to the United States. His paternal grandfather, Henry Haynes, a gunsmith and mechanic, taught him during his youth in metallurgy. Haynes was interested at an early age for it and for chemistry. At 15, he built a furnace and began to work with copper, bronze and iron. He asked various alloys ago. Despite several attempts he failed to raise the temperature of its furnace so strong that he would be able to process steel.

Haynes was interested in his childhood also for nature and spent much time in the woods while collecting plants, insects and other animals. As he grew older, he liked to read, for example, Principles of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry ( Principles of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry) by William Wells. His attention was particularly the fundamental properties of matter ( the atoms were not yet known), so he could later make groundbreaking discoveries in the field of development of new alloys.

Training

He attended public schools and from 1878 to 1881 the Worcester Technical Institute in Worcester, Massachusetts. He graduated with the diploma thesis " The influence of tungsten on iron and steel ." Then he returned and taught in the public school. He then became director of the Portland High School, where he remained for two years. From 1884 he devoted himself again to their own further education and enrolled in the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore one. There he took courses in chemistry and biology, returned after the completion of this and became head of the chemical department of the Eastern Indiana Normal School and Commercial College.

Family formation and late years

On January 21, 1887, he married Bertha Beatrice Lanterman from Portland, a long-time acquaintances. They had a daughter and a son, both supported later the father in his laboratory work and in managing its business.

He died at his home in Kokomo on April 13, 1925.

Work

Gas boom

After the discovery of gas reserves in Indiana mid-1880s, a rapid development in the region, which became known as Indiana gas boom resulted. 1886 Haynes was hired as a manager at the Portland Natural Gas and Oil Company. There he supervised the drilling of gas wells and production, gas pipelines in the fledgling gas industry. Haynes invented several devices that were very important for the gas industry. One of his first inventions was a lot of measurement to determine the funded amount of gas. In 1888 he invented a thermostat to regulate Erdgasöfen in conjunction with the room temperature.

1889 a pipeline was built with a length of 16 km between Pennsville, Indiana and Portloand whose supervision he took over. During the many rides between the two places he began to think about motorized transport. He thought that motorized vehicles could be a more economical and faster method of transportation than horses and carriages.

The Indiana Natural Gas and Oil Company of Chicago introduced Haynes 1890 as a field supervisor. There he oversaw the construction of a pipeline of over 150 km between the eastern Indiana and Chicago. Due to temperature changes over the long distance, there was condensation phenomena in the pipe and the water froze in the winter to make certain. The production of gas had to be adjusted during the winter months, which was a bigger problem. Haynes designed a device for cooling the natural gas before the promotion, so that any water present was condensed. These cooling units have been installed between the feed stations and the main line and removed the water. The line could be used even in winter. The concept was a major advance in cooling technology at the time and was further developed later.

Automobile

The travel -related activity of the working gas in Indiana suggested Haynes on to thoughts about motorized transport. According to its own description, he developed plans to build a " mechanically propelled vehicle " that would drive on roads. His first idea was a steam- powered vehicle, but after careful consideration, he decided that this was too dangerous. Next he thought about an electrically driven vehicle, but after some investigation, he found that there was no practical means of storing the required current. He developed his plans, until 1893, he was able to present a design that he found practicable.

The first automobile

Haynes decided that an internal combustion engine would be the best way to drive his vehicle. He ordered an engine of Stintz Gas Engine Company in Grand Rapids, Michigan, which was intended for a boat. The engine weighed 82 kg and was delivered in 1893. He brought the engine to a carriage, but this was soon thereafter damaged by strong vibration, before he could turn off the engine.

Automotive manufacturing

In 1896, Haynes along with the brothers Apperson Haynes - Apperson the Company in Kokomo for the production of automobiles. After the Apperson brothers had left the company re- named it in 1904 to Haynes Haynes Automobile Company. By January 1925 he exhibited there automobiles with 2 -, 4 -, 6 - and 12-cylinder engines.

Political Work

Haynes was a strong supporter of the alcohol prohibition and was a candidate in 1916 under this lemma for the Senate of the United States, but suffered an overwhelming defeat. He then moved slowly out of the leadership role in his company back, leaving a large part of the decisions its managers and children.