Emoticon
As emoticon strings are referred consisting of ASCII characters that mimic a smiley to express mood or feeling states in the written communication. The term emoticon is a portmanteau formed from emotion and icon. Emoticons are used for example in e -mail communication, instant messaging, forum discussions and chat. In contrast to the smiley emoticons are rotated by 90 ° line drawings of faces. The emoticon :-) is a smiling face. Some programs ( such as instant messengers like ICQ or Skype) produce when entering text an emoticon a corresponding graphically demanding Smiley, eg is from the emoticon :-) the graphic. Less frequently find " left-handed " use emoticons: they are flipped vertically, so that the head would be inclined to read to the right, for example, (-: and ): -. This can be referred to the handedness of the user.
The originating from Japan Emojis are a special form of emoticons ( see below), which also represent stylized smileys, but are not turned on its side.
No emoticons in the strict sense, however, are representations such as the Rose @ } -, - '-, - and the Red Herring > < ((( ° >, as they show no faces; , these are rather one-line ASCII art.
History
1963 was designed by the commercial artist Harvey Ball, the first smiley. The code page 437, better known as the original character set of the IBM PC in 1981, contained Smileys (01: ☺ and 02: ☻ as a representation of ASCII control characters SOH and STX ) in the form of pixel graphics of the respective fonts later in the Unicode system were integrated in the form of three smiley character or even supplements. These are: ☹ (U 2639 ), ☺ (U 263 A) and ☻ (U 263 B). In 2011, a Unicode 6.0 more emoticons that are 1 F600 to U 1 F64F encoded by U.
But it was only on September 19 In 1982, the scientists and computer science professor Scott E. Fahlman later after ironic misunderstandings and jokes in a bulletin board at Carnegie Mellon University the right to use non-ASCII characters that have since become world-famous logo of a sideways nachgebildenden laughter. This proposal spread all over the Arpanet to the Xerox PARC Research Center ( California). It has long been thought to be lost this post. After extensive research it was possible Jeff Baird on 10 September 2002 to recover the original message by Fahlman on a backup tape from the year 1982:
19 -Sep -82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman :-)
From: Scott E Fahlman
I suggest the following string to identify jokes: :-) Read it sideways. In fact, it probably makes more sense to tag things NOT the jokes are. used for :-( In December 2008, the head of the Russian advertising company Superfone, Oleg Teterin tried to leave the winks emoticons ;-) protect trademark rights to the patent office in Moscow in order to collect royalties. The Patent Office rejected this because it is not a trademark.
Function of emoticons
Emoticons are an important way to make their emotional state clearly for the participants in the Internet communication. The Internet communication is in contrast to the direct communication (English: Face-to -Face Communication) with no visible counterpart, whose gestures, facial expressions and vocal expression could be interpreted to next to the word content information on the attitude towards opposite to, statements about the veracity and importance of to obtain evidence and the emotional state. The social role of the speaker (gender, approximate age, skin color, clothes, hairstyle, etc.) give clues about the importance of language content. For example, an ironic statement in writing often do not understand alone on the word content. To illustrate the importance of the context of the statements, Emoticons help. Unlike other forms of text-based communication, such as the letter, meet the Internet often unknown. This makes it even more difficult to decrypt the context meaning. The emoticons are designed to help here is to reduce the number of misunderstandings.
Japanese Emoticons
While the viewer must tilt your head to the left in the traditional Emoticons is an alternative form of emoticons from Japan (Japanese emoji, screen caps), in which this is not necessary. Since 2000, this form of emoticons is increasingly to be found in the Internet Relay Chat and enjoys great popularity among young people. Japanese Emoticons expand the expressive range, as they often consist not only of ASCII characters, but also from Japanese characters, especially Katakana.
Modern Japanese mobile phones have saved dozens of emoticons for example for text messages and the respective keywords ( " Howl ", " apology" ) convert after entering place in Kanji alternatively in emoticons. So very long Emoticons are not a problem. They also offer specially coded, partially even moving icons with a variety of motives, such as a hamburger, an exploding fireworks, the German flag or a kissing couple.
Because of traditional Japanese facial reluctance to Americans concentrate Japanese to read feelings of the other person from whose face, more on the eyes, however, more to the mouth, which manifests itself in a stronger variation of the characters used for the eyes in the Emojis.
In some cases, however, the emoticons ^ _ ^, ^. ^ And ^ ^ are perceived only as a happy face and used. Often the face borders for reasons of time saving omitted. ^ ^ Instead of or ^ _ ^ " instead (^ _ ^) " (^ ^. ). Shorter Emoticons of this type ^ ^ ( smile ), oo ( evil eye ) oO ( do not understand ) or < _ _ > ( annoyed or irritated side view).
There are, however, the reverse version. Emoticons are drawn to increase expression many times in the length:
- ^ ___________ ^ Broad grin,
- , ___________; blubber,
- . ___________. be puzzled.
Korean Emoticons
In South Korea, emoticons are usually expressed by Korean letters.
Automatic display of emoticons smileys as
More recently, are an increasing number of programs and mobile phones emoticons automatically then called in a graphic smiley, converted about instant messenger software, web forums or e- mail and news client. If a smiley is converted into a graph, it contains more image information than the minimalist original emoticon. Therefore convey different " emotions ", some of which differ greatly from each other and may also deviate from the intended message one and the same emoticon depending translatable program. For example, a heart that is shown in light pink and soft shapes, a completely different effect than a flaming red, curved wild variant. The common simple form would be < 3 As in above-mentioned programs, the sender of the message does not affect it, has used what program the receiver and may not know how this converts the emoticons, there is the risk of acquiring misunderstandings.
In Internet forums Smilies are nowadays almost exclusively used mostly in diverse variations. There are also sites that offer hundreds of these graphic emoticons to link to. Above-mentioned ambiguities are limited to the interpretation of the receiver, as the sender of the message chooses the smiley and it is the same on both sides. Also animated graphics are not uncommon. Schildersmilies are smileys, holding a shield and thus users give the opportunity to include an additional text message.