Extreme points of Earth
The earth in data and numbers with an overview of the essential features of the earth in terms of its planetoids, geographical, climatic and cultural characteristics, combined with a list of the geographical " records " of the planet.
- 2.1 Structure of the Earth's surface
- 2.2 Overview
- 2.3 waters of the earth 2.3.1 oceans
- 2.3.2 The deepest ocean sinks
- 2.3.3 In addition to the seas
- 2.3.4 surface Largest natural lakes
- 2.3.5 The deepest lakes
- 2.3.6 The longest rivers
- 2.3.7 The highest waterfalls
- 2.4.1 Continents
- 2.4.2 islands on earth
- 2.4.3 The lowest country sinks
- 2.4.4 The highest elevations (mountains ) above sea level
- 2.4.5 The highest volcanoes
- 2.4.6 The largest deserts
- 3.1 Overview
- 4.1 Overview
- 4.2 Country 4.2.1 The area- the largest countries
- 4.2.2 The most populous countries
- 4.2.3 states with the highest population density
Asteroids features
Data on the position in the solar system
Earth is the fifth largest and the third- closest planet to the sun of the solar system. It moves in an elliptical orbit around the sun, the sonnenfernste point of the orbit ( aphelion ) around the 5th of July and the sun closest point ( perihelion ) is achieved by 3 January. The mean value of the aphelion and Perihelabstandes is the semi-major axis of the ellipse and is approximately 149.6 million kilometers. The solar circulation is completed by 365.256 days ( sidereal year).
Basic data of the Earth
The centrifugal force of Earth's rotation, the earth no ideal spherical shape, but a flattening. Thus the equatorial circumference approximately 43 km is longer than the circumference of the two poles. In addition, the Earth's axis is inclined to the vertical axis of the ecliptic, which leads to climate formative seasons.
Atmosphere of Earth
The Earth's atmosphere has on the lowest level, the troposphere ( with a height between 8 km and 18 km), on the middle level stratosphere ( up to a height of 50 km) and mesosphere ( with a height between 80 - 90 km ) and in the uppermost regions of the thermosphere. The near-surface layers to about 90 km altitude have a fairly uniform composition and form the homosphere. The transition between Earth's atmosphere and outer space is continuous and can therefore draw no sharp upper limit.
In addition, the atmosphere, depending on the humidity, up to four percent by volume of water vapor with a median of 1.3% near the bottom.
The structure and composition of the Earth
The Earth's interior is made up of several shells. The elements of iron, oxygen, silicon, and magnesium make up about 93 % of the weight of the earth, wherein the chemical composition of the individual Erdschalen significantly different. In the center of the Earth's core is solid with a radius of about 1250 km, which is mainly composed of iron ( 86.3 % ) and nickel ( 7.3%) is. This is followed by the outer core connects with a thickness of about 2200 km, which consists of iron with admixture of 10-15% sulfur and / or oxygen. In the 2900 km thick layer of the shell of zähplastischem rock ( silicates and oxides ), which is enclosed by the relatively thin and hard crust bulges. This also consists of silicates and oxides, but is enriched with elements that do not occur in the mantle.
Geographical features
Structure of the ground
The Earth's surface forms the boundary between the Earth's crust - consisting of the oceanic or continental crust - on the one hand and the atmosphere on the other side. On the oceanic water surface thereby representing a total share of 70.7 %, while the area of land that rises above sea level, with 29.3% mainly comprises the continents.
The earth shows a clear division of their surface in the land hemisphere with the maximum proportion of land and water hemisphere, which is dominated by oceans.
Survey
1500 km wide 6000 m high
Waters of the earth
The waters include firstly, the oceans, which are divided into five oceans including the bordering seas and other inland waters, which expect all flowing and standing water within the land borders.
Oceans
The deepest ocean sinks
The average ocean depth is 3,800 m. That's about five times the lying at 800 m average height of the continents (see hypsografische curve). The deepest part of the ocean floor lies in the Mariana Trench, located 11,034 feet below sea level.
Besides seas
In addition to the sea is a generic term for single -, medium- and marginal seas.
Surface Largest natural lakes
For reservoirs see: List of largest reservoirs of the earth
The deepest lakes
The longest rivers
The highest waterfalls
Land masses of the Earth
Continents
The Earth's surface measures 510 million km ². The proportion of the land area is about 148.9 million km ² ( 29%). The country is divided into continents and islands.
Depending on how you count to distinguish up to seven continents: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Australia / Oceania and Europe ( Europe is, however, probably never been as great western peninsula of Asia within the framework of plate tectonics, a self-contained unit ).
The categorical boundary between Australia and the smallest continent and the largest island of Greenland has been set purely conventional.
Islands on earth
- The most populated island is Java ( Indonesia) with 131.193 million inhabitants.
- The island with the highest population density is Santa Cruz del Islote (Colombia ) with approximately 100,000 people / km ².
- The largest river island is the Ilha de Marajó 47,573 km ². It is located in the delta of the Amazon and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean.
- The largest river island, lying entirely in a river, is the Ilha do Bananal, 19,162 km ².
- The largest lake island in the Manitoulin in Canada, 2766 km ²
- The largest atoll is Kwajalein, about 303 km in circumference, 1683 km ² lagoon area, 16 km ² land area
- The largest coral island is Kiritimati, 624 km ² of land area
- See also: List of the largest islands on earth
The lowest country sinks
The highest elevations (mountains ) above sea level
The highest point on the equator is located in the south flank of Cayambe in Ecuador.
The highest volcanoes
The largest deserts
Climatic characteristics
Overview
The measured temperature extremes on earth amount to -89.6 ° C (measured on July 21, 1983 in Vostok Station in Antarctica on 3420 meters high and 56.7 ° C, measured on 10 July 1913 Death Valley 54 m below sea level).
The mean temperature near the bottom is 15 ° C. The velocity of sound at that temperature in the air at sea level is about 340 m / s
Cultural features
Overview
Countries
See the full list of countries in the world
The area 's largest countries
The most populous countries
Countries with the highest population density
( See, for Germany 230 inhabitants / km ²)