Franz Ignaz Pruner

Franz Ignaz Pruner (also: Prun (s) he -Bey, born March 8, 1808 in Pfreimd, Upper Palatinate, † September 29, 1882 in Pisa) was a German physician, eye doctor and anthropologist.

Family

Franz Ignaz Pruner was a Catholic baptized son of Ignaz Brunner († 1822), chief clerk at the Royal Rentamt in Leuchtenberg / Upper Palatinate, and Catherine, born Horchler from Mitterteich / Oberpfalz.

Education and work

After successful completion of the high school years (1818-1825) in Amberg gifted studied from 1826 at the Ludwig- Maximilians- University of Munich for initially one year philosophy and subsequently joined the medical faculty. Among his teachers were the anatomist and physiologist Ignaz Dollinger (1770-1841), the surgeon Johann Nepomuk von Ringseis and the internist Ernst von Grossi (1782-1829), who still during his studies gave him an assistantship to promote their medical training. Pruner graduated in 1830 graduated with a medical PhD and MD degrees from. During a training stay in Paris, he met the French physician Étienne Pariset (1770-1847), who was charged with the study of plague epidemics in Egypt and woke Pruners interest in the Orient. In the year 1831, Pruner joined a scientific expedition under the direction of Regensburg naturalist Karl von Hügel ( 1796-1870 ) and came to Egypt. There he was appointed to the chair of anatomy and physiology of the medical school of Abuzabel in Cairo, which had been founded in 1825 by the French physician AB Clot -Bey, appointed by the viceroy of Egypt, Mehmed Ali.

1832 Pruner returned to Munich to make the publication of the works of his deceased teacher Grossi, but dropped again in 1833 to the south, since it could offer no professional future the Munich Academy. After a period of study at the Department of the Tyrolean ophthalmologist Francesco Flarer (1791-1850) in Pavia, Pruner traveled to Cairo where he was appointed as Director of the Military Hospital in Esbekieh. Following a trip to the Arabian Peninsula, where he treated a member of the royal family ophthalmologist, Pruner was appointed director of the central hospitals in Cairo and Kasr -el- Aini and professor of ophthalmology, appointed in 1839 to the personal physician of Abbas Pasha, and with the rank and title of Bey equipped.

1860 left Pruner for health reasons Egypt and settled in Paris, where he operated exclusively phrenological, ethnographic and anthropological research. After the outbreak of the Franco-German War of 1870 he had to leave France, went to Pisa, where he lived as a private scholar.

Performance

Pruner was extremely versatile scientifically gifted and devoted himself with equal care medicine, ophthalmology, epidemiology, hygiene, linguistics, ethnology and ethnography and anthropology. As one of the first trained ophthalmologists of his time he treated at an epidemic occurring infectious eye disease (conjunctivitis, trachoma ) up to 20,000 patients successfully with " Luxor water " (saturated Zinkalaun solution), in addition he employed preferably with inflammatory, mostly infectious diseases of the conjunctiva - and cornea.

In Egypt and Arabia, he dealt with the great epidemics ( plague, cholera, typhoid fever ), infection ( syphilis, influenza, smallpox, smallpox, yellow fever, dengue fever), tropical ( oriental sore ), deficiency diseases ( scurvy, pellagra ), zoonoses and parasitic infections. He described in 1847 for the first time pentastomiasis, caused by a worm-like parasites disease, wrote a medical topography and ethnography of Cairo and pointed to the importance of hygiene for disease control. After 1860, Pruner devoted mainly anthropological research with a focus craniology, where he made more than 15,000 measurements of 507 skulls.

Pruner represented the " antikontagionistische " infection cause hypothesis, which did not recognize the transferability of diseases, and worked as a physician of the period of transition from natural philosophy to scientific principles by 1840.

Find out more

  • Pruners oeuvre includes 12 medical and 124 anthropological and linguistic publications in French.
  • He was a member (1860 ) of the Société d'Anthropologie Paris and its President ( 1865).
  • In 1872 he received an honorary doctorate from the Ludwig- Maximilians- University of Munich.

Works

  • Tentamen de morborum transitionibus, Diss med, Munich 1830
  • For the plague is really a contagious evil?, Munich 1839
  • The remnants of the ancient Egyptian human races, Munich 1841
  • The diseases of the Orient from the standpoint of comparative nosology considered, Erlangen 1847
  • Topography médicale du Caire avec le plan de la ville et des environs, Munich 1847
  • The world cholera epidemic and the police of nature, Erlangen 1851
  • Man in space and in time, Munich 1859
Neue Deutsche Biographie Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie Integrated Authority File Italy
348695
de