Friedrich Konrad Beilstein
Friedrich Konrad Beilstein ( also known by the Russian name Фёдор Фёдорович Бейльштейн / Fyodor Fyodorovich Beilstein, . * 5 Februarjul / February 17 1838greg in Saint Petersburg, .. . † 5 Oktoberjul / October 18 1906greg same place ) was a German - Russian chemist.
Life
Friedrich Konrad Beilstein was born as the first of seven children of his parents coming from Germany Karl Friedrich Beilstein and Katharina Margarete slip in St. Petersburg, where his parents had taken a tailoring workshop of his uncle Konrad slip.
At 15, he moved to Germany and studied chemistry including among Bunsen and Kekulé in Heidelberg, Liebig and Wöhler in Göttingen in Munich, where he in 1858 with a dissertation "On the murexide " doctorate. After studying at the Sorbonne in Paris ( among others with Charles Friedel Charles Adolphe Wurtz and ) and Carl Lowig in Wroclaw was Beilstein 1860 lecturer and associate professor in 1865 in Göttingen. In 1866 he followed a (second) call to the Technological Institute in St. Petersburg ( Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, succeeding ); later he accepted Russian citizenship. In 1896 he gave up his professorship due to age. Beilstein 1883 was elected a member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
In his research Beilstein primarily dealt with the aromatic compounds. It was, for example, 1866 in the chlorination of toluene important rule is that the halogenation of alkylbenzenes in the heat mainly to the side chain (e.g. benzyl chloride ), in the cold, or under the influence of a catalyst ( for example iodine) on the benzene ring (eg chlorotoluene ) are ( mnemonic: boiling heat, sunlight → side chain; cold, catalyst → core).
Beilstein was the founder and first editor of the " Handbook of Organic Chemistry " ( 1st edition 1881), which is considered " The Beilstein " to this day as a standard work. Named after him is the Beilstein test for the detection of organic halogen compounds.