Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

• OMIM: 172400
• UniProt: P06744

• CAS Number: 9001-41-6

Glucose-6 -phosphate isomerase (GPI ) (also phosphohexose isomerase and phosphoglucose isomerase, PGI ) is that of the enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the conversion of glucose -6-phosphate into fructose -6-phosphate. This reaction is essential for all living creatures, in order to utilize the energy in carbohydrates. Moreover, the reaction is reversible, and the reverse reaction is required for gluconeogenesis. 1 GIU is the conversion of 1 mmol of fructose to glucose or vice versa, in one minute at a pH of 7 and 300 g of fructose per liter concentration. At a temperature of 60 ° C, the conversion of glucose to fructose takes place at temperatures around 30 ° C, fructose is converted to glucose. Mutations in the GPI gene can cause GPI deficiency, and this be responsible for hemolytic anemia or severe disorders in the newborn. According to new studies GPI is a factor in the disease process in arthritis and tumor.

Produced by recombinant GPI from Streptomyces is used industrially for starch saccharification.

Catalysed equilibrium

Additional Features

After it was confirmed that GPI is the same as autocrine Motilitätsfaktor (AMF ), and neuroleukin, other functions of the GPI protein may be mentioned. A neurotrophic factor, it promotes the growth and differentiation of spinal and sensory neurons.

When it activates the AMF AMF receptor ( AMFR ). In advanced tumor cells, an increased number of these receptors was detected. Activation of AMFR affected cellular adhesion, motility, germination and apoptosis.

Pathology

In addition to the results from the GPI -deficient hereditary metabolic disorders is a form of arthritis known as the cause has autoimmunity against GPI. It is now known that IL -6 and Th17 play a role in the acquisition of this disease.

Starch

In this process, increases by the use of glucose isomerase of fructose causes a " sweetening ". This continues until the flavor almost reaches the traditional sucrose.

Glucose isomerase obtained by reproduction of genetically modified microorganisms ( streptomycetes ). Here, the part of the gene of the microorganism is isolated, which is responsible for the production of the enzyme. This isolated DNA is now introduced in multiple copies into the same microorganism which then produces a larger amount of enzymes.

In general, glucose is used immobilized, that is, it is bound to its substrate and does not go to that product. The enzyme itself is not genetically modified ( transgenic). Also, the production organism is removed in the manufacturing process and therefore is not in the final enzyme.