Gnaphalieae

Xerochrysum viscosum

The Tribe Gnaphalieae belongs to the subfamily herbaceous within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). It contains about 184-187 species of plants and 1240 to more than 2100 species.

  • 3.1 Alphabetical list of species
  • 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

There are annual to perennial herbaceous plants or woody plants: Semi- shrubs, shrubs. The annual species are hairy, more or less woolly and often only reach stature heights of 1 to 10 cm. The basal rosettes or distributed in the stem, usually alternate, rarely opposite constantly arranged leaves are petiolate or sessile and mostly easy. The base of the petioles often runs along the stem downward. The leaf margins are usually smooth or serrated rare. The leaves are often hairy or woolly tomentose.

Inflorescences and flowers

The basket- shaped inflorescences are rarely individually, usually on branched, doldentraubigen, paniculate or racemose inflorescences total together. The flower heads are usually disk-shaped. One or two or twelve to thirty more or less in shape and size different bracts stand together in mostly three to more than ten rows, rarely missing. The bracts are hairy often woolly, white or brightly colored (yellow, pink or purple ) and their margins and / or tips are usually much paper-like. The flat to convex inflorescence soil is mostly hairless. In the basket- shaped inflorescence rarely are ray florets and disc florets usually only. Only rarely feminine, more or less zygomorphe flowers are interpreted as ray florets on the edge of the flower basket. There are usually at the flower basket rim one to more than three rows usually female, often over 100 tubular flowers that are usually yellow or purple to whitish, they are due to their location also called ray florets (note that in most other Asteraceae then florets are ). The only rare one to ten, usually more disk flowers are usually radiärsymmetrische tubular flowers that are hermaphroditic male and fertile or functionally with mostly four, rarely five corolla lobes. The anthers are usually skipped more or less at their base and have appendages. At the pen no appendages are usually recognizable.

Fruits

All achenes of fructification are mostly the same; they are ovoid or obovate and smooth, hairy or papillose and usually two - three - or fünfrippig. In this tribe is Pappus usually a present of mostly bearded until rare feathery Pappusborsten or scales, sometimes it is a combination of bristles and scales.

Dissemination

The taxa of the tribe Gnaphalieae are located in both the Old World and New World. They thrive in tropical, subtropical, temperate and arctic or alpine areas. The centers of biodiversity are the capensis and Australia. Some species are neophytes in many countries around the world.

The greatest diversity of species there are in South Africa with 174 species, of which 80 occur only there, with a total of 2072 species. In Australia there are about 84 species, of which 28 are monotypic and only ten with more than ten kinds, with a total of about 475 species. In South America 19-20 genera occur about 111 species. In North America, come before 19 genera with about 111 species. The subtribe Relhaniinae there with about 19 genera only in Africa. In Pakistan there are about twelve genus with about 45 species. In the Eurasian part of the northern hemisphere, there are few species, such as Antennaria, and Gnaphalium Leontopodium.

System

The Tribe Gnaphalieae and was carved out of the once much larger tribe Inuleae. Most closely related to the tribe Anthemideae, Astereae and Calenduleae in the subfamily herbaceous within the family Asteraceae.

The Tribe Gnaphalieae is divided into five to six subtribe:

  • Loricaria: Only in the Andes.
  • Mniodes: Only in the Andes.
  • Pterygopappus: Only in Tasmania.
  • Psychrophyton: Only in New Zealand.
  • Raouliopsis: Only in Colombia.
  • Sinoleontopodium: Only in China.

Alphabetical list of species

The Tribe Gnaphalieae contains about 184-187 genera and 1240 to more than 2100 species.:

  • Acanthocladium F.Muell. With the only kind: Acanthocladium dockeri F.Muell. It is native to Australia.
  • Alatoseta tenuis Compton: It occurs only in the Northern Cape and Western Cape.
  • Paper knobs ( Ammobium alatum R.Br. )
  • Anisochaeta mikanioides DC. It occurs only in KwaZulu- Natal and the Eastern Cape.
  • Antithrixia flavicoma DC. It occurs only in Namaqualand ( Western Cape ).
  • Apalochlamys spectabilis ( Labill. ) Steud. It is native to Australia.
  • Argyroglottis turbinata Turcz. It is native to Australia.
  • Arrowsmithia styphelioides DC. It occurs only in the Eastern Cape.
  • Artemisiopsis villosa ( O.Hoffm. ) Schweick. It is widespread in tropical and southern Africa.
  • Atrichantha gemmifera (bolus ) Hilliard & BLBurtt: It occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Bellida graminea Ewart: It is native to Australia.
  • Berroa gnaphalioides ( Less / span>. ) Beauverd: It is native to Australia.
  • Bryomorphe aretioides ( Turcz. ) Druce: It occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Calotesta alba POKaris: It occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Cephalipterum drummondii A. Gray: It is native to Australia.
  • Cephalosorus carpesioides ( Turcz. ) PSShort: It is native to Australia.
  • Chamaepus afghanicus Wagenitz: The home is Afghanistan.
  • Chondropyxis halophila DACooke: It is native to Australia.
  • Cremnothamnus thomsonii ( F.Muell. ) CFPuttock: It is native to Australia.
  • Cymbolaena griffithii ( A. Gray ) Wagenitz: It is distributed in the southwestern and central Asia.
  • Decazesia hecatocephala F.Muell. It is native to Australia.
  • Denekia capensis: It occurs in the capensis and further north.
  • Dielitzia tysonii PSShort: It is native to Australia.
  • Dolichothrix ericoides: Occurs only in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape.
  • Epitriche demissus ( A. Gray ) PSShort: It is native to Australia.
  • Evacidium discolor ( DC.) Maire: It is native to southeastern Europe and North Africa.
  • Ewartiothamnus sinclairii ( Hook. f ) Anderb. It is native to New Zealand.
  • Feldstonia nitens PSShort: It is native to Australia.
  • Fitzwillia axilliflora ( Ewart & Jean White ) PSShort: It is native to Australia.
  • Gamochaetopsis alpina ( Poepp. & Endl. ) Anderb. & Freire: It is native to South America.
  • Gilberta tenuifolia Turcz. It is native to Australia.
  • Gilruthia osbornii Ewart & Jean White: It is native to Australia.
  • Gnomophalium pulvinatum ( Delile ) Greuter: It is native to North Africa and Asia.
  • Gratwickia monochaeta F.Muell. It is native to Australia.
  • Haegiela tatei ( F.Muell. ) PSShort & Paul G.Wilson: It is native to Australia.
  • Helichrysopsis septentrionale: home is the capensis.
  • Homognaphalium pulvinatum ( Delile ) Fayed & Zareh: In North Africa, Sudan, South West Asia to India and Pakistan.
  • Humeocline madagascariensis ( Humbert ) Anderb. : It is native to Madagascar.
  • Hyalochlamys globifera A.Gray: It occurs only in Western Australia.
  • Hydro Idea elsiae: It occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Ixiolaena viscosa Benth. , You only occurs in Western Australia.
  • Langebergia canescens ( DC.) Anderb. Occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Edelweiss ( Leontopodium nivale ssp. Alpinum)
  • Japan edelweiss ( Leontopodium japonicum)
  • Leucophyta brownii Cass. , You only occurs in Australia.
  • Nestlera biennis: Occurs only in the Northern Cape and Western Cape.
  • Oreoleysera montana: Occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Oxylaena acicularis: Occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Petalacte coronata: Occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Phaenocoma prolifera: Occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Phagnalon graecum
  • Phagnalon pygmaeum
  • Phagnalon rupestre
  • Philyrophyllum schinzii: It is widespread in Africa.
  • Planea schlechteri: Occurs only in the Western Cape.
  • Sinoleontopodium lingianum YLChen: It thrives only in extreme altitudes 4500-4900 meters in the Chinese province of Xizang ( Milin ).
  • Tenrhynea phylicifolia: The home is the capensis.
  • Triptilodiscus pygmaeus Turcz. The home is Australia.

Swell

  • Theodore M. Barkley, Luc Brouillet, John L. Strother: Asteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: unranked, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 ( Mutisieae - Anthemideae ), Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9, p 415, online. (Section Description and systematics)
  • M. Qaiser, Rubina Abid: Flora of Pakistan 210: Asteraceae (II ) - Inuleae, Plucheeae & Gnaphalieae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, among other things, Karachi and others, 2003, online. (English )
  • Chen Yousheng, Zhu Sixin, Randall J. Bayer: Tribe Gnaphalieae. In: Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 20-21: Asteraceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-07-0, pp. 774, online.
  • Randall J. Bayer, Christopher F. Puttock, Scot A. Kelchner: Phylogeny of South African Gnaphalieae ( Asteraceae) based on two noncoding chloroplast sequences. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 87, No. 2, 2000, pp. 259-272, doi: 10.2307/2656914, full text.
  • Jose L. Panero, Vicki A. Funk: Toward a phylogenetic classification for the Compositae subfamilial (Asteraceae). In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Volume 115, No. 4, 2002, pp. 909-922, online.
  • OM Hillard, BL Burtt: Some generic concepts in Compositae - Gnaphaliinae. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 82, No. 3, 2008, pp. 181-232, doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00958.x
  • Jose L. Panero, Vicki A. Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 47, No. 2, 2008, pp. 757-782, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.02.011, PDF file.
  • Michael O. Dillon: Classification and Phylogeny of the South American Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). Andean Botanical Information System, 2000, online.
  • Michael O. Dillon: New Combinations in Luciliocline with notes on South American Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). In: Arnaldoa. Volume 10, No. 1, 2003, pp. 45-60, online.
  • Arne A. Anderberg: Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae). In: Opera Botanica. Tape 104, 1991.
  • Iziko Museums of Cape Town ( eds.): Biodiversityexplorer. The Web of Life in Southern Africa. Tribe: Gnaphalieae. Access on February 3, 2011.
  • Randall J. Bayer, David G. Greber, Neil H. Bagnall: Phylogeny of Australian Gnaphalieae ( Asteraceae) based on chloroplast and nuclear sequences, the trnL intron, trnL / trnF intergenic spacer, matK, and ETS. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 27, No. 4, 2002, pp. 801-814, DOI: 10.1043/0363-6445-27.4.801, PDF file.
  • Rob D. Smissen, Mercè Galbany Casals, Ilse Breitwieser: Ancient allopolyploidy in the everlasting daisies (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae ): Complex relationships among extant clades. In: taxon. Volume 60, No. 3, 2011, pp. 649-662, Abstract.
Asterids Asteroideae Henri Cassini Raceme Pappus (flower structure) KwaZulu-Natal Chile Argentina Macaronesia Raoulia Digital Object Identifier
270136
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