Gongsun Shu
Gongsun Shu (Chinese公孙述, Pinyin Gongsun Shu, W.-G. Kung -sun Shu; Zì子 阳, Ziyang, Tzuyang, † December 24, 36 in Chengdu) was a Chinese warlord who during the unrest after the end the Xin Dynasty Emperor of southwestern China proclaimed. His reign was ended after eleven years by the Emperor Guangwu of Han.
Life
Gongsun Shu was born into a family of civil servants, who worked at the court of the Han dynasty for several generations. His father Gongsun Ren gave him a job at a young age in the district, Tianshui.
During the reign of Wang Mang Gongsun Shu was appointed AD as the administrator of Shu in the year 15, a region in southwest China. He remained in this position until Wang Mang was overthrown in the year 23. In the following months, Gongsun Shu joined the insurgent generals Wang Zong Cheng Cen, and who controlled the neighboring headquarters Hanzhong.
In order to obtain recourse against the uncontrollable General Zong Cheng, Gongsun Shu forged a new emperor Genshi document. This document confirmed Gongsun Shu in his office and appointed him in addition to the governor of Yi Province. In this office he took over the command of the troops of the Yi Province and killed Zong Cheng.
Gengshi Kaiser responded by he sent a force under the leadership of Li Bao and Zhang Zhong against Gongsun Shu in autumn 24. However, the generals were defeated and retreated to Wudu. Gongsun Shu Thus was established as an independent warlord and could assume the title of king in the land of Shu. He immediately began to expand its sphere of influence south and west. Several neighboring tribes, including the Yuexi, submitted to him. At the same time secured Gongsun Shu the northern and eastern borders before Hanzhong and Jiangzhou.
In the meantime, the reign of Emperor Gengshi came to an end. In the summer of 25 Gongsun Shu took the title of Emperor of ( the dynasty named after its capital Chengdu Cheng ) and said to himself definitively from the central government going. In autumn rose a descendant of the imperial family, Liu Xiu, claim to the succession of the Han Dynasty. He proclaimed himself Emperor Guangwu and founded the Eastern Han Dynasty ( after its capital Luoyang, which lay east of the ancient capital Chang'an ).
In the following years Gongsun Shu grew increasingly power. In 26 his general Hou Dan took the strategically important region of Hanzhong. In the following years it various local governors pledged their allegiance in the valley of the Wei He. About his compatriot Ma Yuan Shu, Gongsun made contact with the warlord Wei Ao, with whom he wanted to ally against Emperor Guangwu. However, the alliance did not materialize, and Ma Yuan ran over to Emperor Guangwu.
At the same time resistance against Gongsun Shu rose in the south his realm. His manager Wen Qi agreed with Emperor Guangwu and cross near the root of the Zangke also joined the Han emperor. Despite these disturbances remained Gongsun Shu's sphere of influence, today's Sichuan stable. His forces numbering several hundred thousand men. Thus Gongsun Shu was able to stand up to the Han emperor. However, he did not pursue expansion plans and supported the other warlords poorly against Emperor Guangwu.
Emperor Guangwu defeated his rival had received 33 Wei Ao, the support of Gongsun Shu. Thereupon the Emperor Guangwu turned in the summer of 35 directly against Gonsun Shu. This steadily lost ground and saw the Han army in winter its capital Chengdu. There he could by a ruse ( he sent a false deserter ) murder her General Cen Peng and stall the enemy forces.
In 36 of the Han - General Wu Han continued the campaign against Gongsun Shu. He conquered the land of Shu and Gongsun Shu sat in his capital firm. On December 24, Gongsun Shu made a desperate failure, was severely wounded and died the same night. His sphere of influence was annexed by the Emperor Guangwu and again integrated into the Han empire.