Guizotia

Ramtillkraut ( Guizotia abyssinica ) without inflorescences.

The Guizotia are a plant genus in the family of herbaceous within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). The botanical genus name honors the French historian François Pierre Guillaume Guizot and politician ( 1787-1874 ). In the genus Guizotia there are about six species. Only the Ramtillkraut ( Guizotia abyssinica ) is used as a medicine or crop.

Description

Guizotia species grow as the most upright, rarely creeping, branched, annual to perennial herbaceous plants; or, rarely, there are woody species, subshrubs or shrubs form. You can reach depending on the type of growth heights rarely only 3 to usually about 20 to 200 centimeters. The opposite, sometimes the uppermost alternate, to the stems or twigs arranged distributed leaves are sessile and easy. The leaf margin is smooth or serrated. The leaf surfaces are hairy differently depending on the type, at least the bottom.

The circular, capitula -shaped buds are rarely individually, usually in branched inflorescences total together. In two series are 10 to 13 bracts; The outer five to six are wider and herbaceous, the inner narrower, shorter, and membranous (green) or trockenhäutig (brown). The inflorescence floors are conical to hemispherical. There are membranous available to trockenhäutige chaff leaves. The flower heads contain six to 18 ray florets and disc florets 100. The female, fertile, zygomorphic ray florets ( = ray florets ) are usually yellow; the base of the corolla tube is hairy tongue and ends with three Kronzähnen. The hermaphrodite, fertile florets ( = disc florets ) are also yellow with five corolla lobes. The anthers have appendages. The two style branches are short and hairy.

The triangular formed after pollination of the ray florets and disc florets from the four-sided achenes are brown to black, smooth and sometimes shiny. There is no pappus present.

Systematics and distribution

The natural distribution of the genus Guizotia lies in tropical Africa. Except for a sort of all are located in the Ethiopian highlands.

The first publication of the genus Guizotia took place in June 1829 by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles, 59, 237, 247, 248 The genus Guizotia belongs to the tribe Millerieae in the subfamily of herbaceous within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). A synonym for Guizotia Cass. is Veslingia Vis ..

In the genus Guizotia there are about six species. Here is a list of all types,

  • Abyssinian Ramtillkraut, Gingellikraut or niger seed ( Guizotia abyssinica ( L. f ) Cass, Syn. Guizotia oleifera DC, Polymnia abyssinica L. f. ): The description created from a cultivated plant. All known stocks are well cultivated or feral crops. Annual plant that is cultivated especially in Ethiopia and India. The name of the drug is Semen guizotiae oleiferae. One finds this style today in the Ethiopian highlands, partly west of the Great African grave breach in some areas in Sudan, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe. But also on the Caribbean, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan and India. In Europe and North America it is a invasive plant; the spread is done perhaps by birdseed.
  • Guizotia arborescens I.Friis: The deposits are confined to the south-western Ethiopia and the area of ​​Immatong mountains on the border between Sudan and Uganda.
  • Guizotia reptans Hutch: It's the only kind that has not been established for Ethiopia. It is endemic to Mount Kenya, the Aberdare Range and Mount Elgon region in East Africa.
  • Guizotia scabra ( Vis. ) Chiov. With two subspecies: Guizotia scabra ( Vis. ) Chiov. subsp. scabra: With a prevalence of Ethiopia to Zimbabwe and to the west up to the highlands of Nigeria, interrupted by the Sudanese desert and the Congo rainforest.
  • Guizotia scabra subsp. schimperi ( Sch.Bip. ) Baagøe: This annual wild plant, however, is probably closer with Guizotia abyssinica Guizotia scabra than related. It is in Ethiopia a common " weed ".

Swell

  • John L. Strother: Guizotia in the Flora of North America, Volume 21, page 40: - Online.
  • A. & S. M. Getinet Sharma: Niger. Guizotia abyssinica ( L. f ) Cass. Identifiable information to the other Guizotia species at bioversityinternational - International Plant Genetic Resources Institute ( IPGRI ).
  • H. Beentje, C. Jeffrey & D.J.N. Hind: Flora of Tropical East Africa, Compositae part 3, 2005, page 547
Asteroideae Henri Cassini Perennial plant Pappus (flower structure)
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