Halfbeak
Hyporhamphus unifasciatus
Halfbeak ( Hemiramphidae ) or Halfbeaks are fishes from the order of the Garfish -like ( Beloniformes ). Its distinctive feature is the greatly prolonged lower jaw, which exceeds the length of the maxilla by a multiple. There are 55 species in eight genera.
The animals live in tropical and subtropical zones in the Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. Freshwater species, are mainly found in South America. Halfbeak are predators and hunt small fish, freshwater species and insects on the water surface. With their constant above the fish's mouth, they have adapted to this way of life.
Halfbeaks be between 5 centimeters and 55 centimeters ( Hemiramphus brasiliensis ) long.
System
A phylogenetic study of 2004 rejects the monophyly of Hemiramphidae. The Hemiramphidae be divided into three clades. The first, with the genera Euleptorhamphus, Hemiramphus and Oxyporhamphus is the sister group of the Flying Fish ( Exocoetidae ). The second Halbschnäblerklade with the genera Arrhamphus and Hyporhamphus is the sister group of a clade from the garfish ( Belonidae ) and Zenarchopteridae. The Zenarchopteridae, previously run as a subfamily of Halfbeak, gain family status and are the sister group of the Belonidae.
Genera and species
- Genus Arrhamphus Günther, 1866 Arrhamphus sclerolepis Günther, 1866
- Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Beane, 1882
- Euleptorhamphus velox Poey, 1868
- Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823)
- Hemiramphus brasiliensis
- Hemiramphus balao
- Hemiramphus far
- Hemiramphus lutkei
- Hemiramphus marginatus
- Hemiramphus robustus
- Hemiramphus saltator
- Subgenus Hyporhamphus ( Hyporhamphus ) Gill, 1859 Hyporhamphus meeki Hyporhamphus brederi ( Fernández- Yépez, 1948)
- Hyporhamphus capensis ( Thominot, 1886)
- Hyporhamphus gernaerti ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus gilli Meek & Hildebrand, 1923
- Hyporhamphus improvisus (Smith, 1933)
- Hyporhamphus intermedius ( Cantor, 1842)
- Hyporhamphus limbatus ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus meeki Banford & Collette, 1993
- Hyporhamphus melanopterus Collette & Parin, 1978
- Hyporhamphus mexicanus Alvarez, 1959
- Hyporhamphus naos Banford & Collette, 2001
- Hyporhamphus neglectissimus Parin, Collette & Shcherbachev, 1980
- Hyporhamphus neglectus ( Bleeker, 1866)
- Hyporhamphus paucirastris Collette & Parin, 1978
- Hyporhamphus picarti ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus regularis ( Günther, 1866)
- Hyporhamphus roberti ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus rosae ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1880)
- Hyporhamphus sajori ( Temminck & Schlegel, 1846)
- Hyporhamphus sindensis ( Regan, 1905)
- Hyporhamphus snyderi Meek & Hildebrand, 1923
- Hyporhamphus taiwanensis Collette & Su, 1986
- Hyporhamphus unicuspis Collette & Parin, 1978
- Hyporhamphus unifasciatus ( Ranzani, 1841)
- Hyporhamphus xanthopterus ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus acutus ( Günther, 1872)
- Hyporhamphus affinis ( Günther, 1866)
- Hyporhamphus australis ( Steindachner, 1866)
- Hyporhamphus balinensis ( Bleeker, 1859)
- Hyporhamphus dussumieri ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus erythrorinchus ( Lesueur, 1821)
- Hyporhamphus gamberur ( Rüppell, 1837)
- Hyporhamphus ihi Phillipps, 1932
- Hyporhamphus melanochir ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus quoyi ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Hyporhamphus yuri Collette & Parin, 1978
- Melapedalion breve ( Seale, 1910)
- Oxyporhamphus convexus ( Weber & de Beaufort, 1922)
- Oxyporhamphus micropterus ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Rhynchorhamphus arabicus Parin & Shcherbachev, 1972
- Rhynchorhamphus georgii ( Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847)
- Rhynchorhamphus malabaricus Collette, 1976
- Rhynchorhamphus naga Collette, 1976