Hans Cloos
Hans Cloos ( born November 8, 1885 in Magdeburg, † September 26, 1951 in Bonn) was professor of geology in Breslau and Bonn. Across Europe, he was known as an author of a textbook (1936) and the extensive monograph "Conversation with the Earth" (1947 ), through whose clear language and even drawn pictures the geology and the general public was understandable.
Highlight Among his many publications are pioneering work on granite tectonics, volcanism and the deep va his hypothesis for the formation of the continents, however, made him the enemy of Alfred Wegener.
- 3.1 1910-1913
- 3.2 1914-1926
- 3.3 1926-1951
Early years
Childhood and school
Hans Cloos was born as the son of the government building advice Ulrich Cloos and his wife Elisabeth, nee Heckel, in Magdeburg. As a two-year Cloos moved with his parents to the large paternal estate in Kleinblittersdorf in Saarbrücken, where his mother was born.
In Saarbrücken Cloos started school. As a 13 -year-old boy he attended the Institute of the Protestant Moravian Church in King Field in the Black Forest for a year. In 1901, he was forced to move as a then 16 -year-old to Cologne, because his father was transferred there. He attended high school cross street to the matriculation examination in 1905.
Areas of interest and career choice
Cloos showed during school hours in Cologne a high aptitude for languages and cello. His mother was an artistically and musically gifted woman who applied this talent to her son. This also had a high talent for drawing. Through these many talents, it was not easy to make one of his suitability appropriate career choice.
Study
So he began in 1905 to study architecture at the RWTH Aachen.
Due to his strong interest in science, he decided, especially after a conversation with the geologist Eduard Holzapfel (1853-1913) to relocate his studies on a total of geology. In the same year he moved to the University of Bonn. In May 1906 joined the University of Jena, listen to lectures, among others, in John Walther.
At this time his father died in Cologne, his mother moved then to the Black Forest, which led him to move in with his mother in order to support this better than the eldest son can. He had to matriculate at the University of Freiburg to continue with Gustav Steinmann (one semester until its departure to Bonn ) and Wilhelm Deecke his studies.
When Wilhelm Deecke Cloos earned his doctorate as 25 -year-old in 1910 with the theme " panel and chain in the country Basler Jura ".
Life and work
1910-1913
After studying his uncle gave the opportunity to research in what was then German South-West Africa. There Cloos was able to deepen his knowledge acquired during the course in practice and explore including the granite floor of the Erongo Mountains.
In 1911 he married Elisabeth Grüters, from this marriage came four children. Even in the year of marriage he took of a U.S. subsidiary of the Standard Oil Company to a two-year contract to perform petroleum geological explorations on Java and Borneo. Oil was at that time not yet checked with seismic reflection, but by geological surface mapping. In these two years Cloos won unusually rich practical experience in geology, prospecting and exploration.
1914-1926
1914 Cloos habilitation in Marburg as a lecturer at Emanuel Kayser with the work " Jurassic ammonites from the Moluccas area ". During this time he worked at the edge of the Harz in Goslar. He was able to demonstrate that the occurrence of chalk wedges stuck in overturned Jurassic limestone, was a result of bending deformations during Harzauffaltung.
In World War I he worked in Silesia at Krupp mining for raw material supplies with nickel, which was important for the production of steel. In 1917, the representation of the Wroclaw geology professor was conferred on him.
1919 received Cloos age of 34 the vacant by the death of Fritz Naughty Chair of Geology at the University of Breslau. In subsequent years, Cloos found in Silesia before a mountain which was composed of similar granite, like that in the African Erongo. These granite he explored several years in order to clarify the question of the movement tracks. He succeeded after years of observations and measurements to reconstruct the processes of movement solidified intrusive. These developed and applied by him methods were described in the following literature as " Granittektonik ".
In 1925 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina.
1926-1951
1926, when then 41 -year-old professor, Cloos was appointed as successor to Gustav Steinmann at the University of Bonn. From there he undertook from 1927 expeditions to North America. There he found that the huge granite pluton of the Sierra Nevada has the same components and the same construction as the smaller granite floor of the Giant Mountains. He also visited on his trips to America the Grand Canyon in Colorado and the Meteor Crater of Arizona.
From Bonn he undertook study trips in the Scandinavian countries. This resulted in his work " construction and movement of the mountains in North America, Scandinavia and Central Europe."
Further research Cloos began the turmoil of the Oslo trench to investigate in particular the limits against each other moving clods of earth's crust. This research were the beginning of his years of employment with the problems of warping and ditches to the understanding he contributed over the next decade by field observations and tectonic experiments much. In Bonn Cloos conducted experiments with wet clay to it to simulate rock movements. He found that the deformation of the clay at slow deformation occurs at the shear planes and columns, analogous to the grave zones of the earth's crust.
Located near Bonn Seven Mountains took Cloos and his younger brother Ernst Cloos ( also an international geologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins University) often. Excursion destination for its geological explorations Hans Cloos specifically explored the structure of the earth's crust in the structure of granites in the region of the Seven Mountains. It showed careful measurements and observations that the location of the chimney and the shape of the melt ascent has been displayed in the arrangement of the crystals brought from the depths. Hans Cloos was to reconstruct through its research results in the location designated on the basis of the rock cooled feldspars, as sanidine, the former form of the Drachenfels. He was able to prove that the sanidine cooled off in the direction of flow of magma. Based on these findings, it was possible to calculate the former height of the Drachenfels, which was about 80 meters higher than today.
In 1932, Cloos separated after a long marriage disruption by his wife Elizabeth and married Frieda Grüters, nee Schwab, the widowed sister of his wife.
In 1933 he became chairman of the Geological Association eV., 1936, he completed his textbook "Introduction to Geology ", which contains many of Cloos drawn yourself, particularly clear illustrations.
From 1938 to 1951 he worked as editor in chief of the Geological Association eV. His great literary ability helped the Geological Rundschau above-average level and international reputation.
Cloos 1947 published his book "Conversation with the Earth", which was translated into English in 1953. At least with this book, he became known worldwide as imaginative geologist who has seen the emergence of granites and volcanoes or redraws unmistakable. The book has also delights in the paperback edition of 1959 far beyond the subject boundaries, people for the brittle environment of minerals and rocks. The slow, but since time immemorial unwaveringly running motions in the earth's crust, he studied on many trips and communicate to the reader experience with tight. This book has won by his often personal style, and above all by his drawings of many prospective geology.
Shortly before his 66th birthday Cloos died of severe heart disease.
Plaque
In honor of Hans Cloos a memorial plaque at the Drachenfels, the lava explored by him in Bonn, mounted what to read is:
HANS Cloos 1885 - 1951 PROFESSOR IN Wroclaw AND BONN ANIMATED THE GEOLOGY FOR MANY Geological Association
Awards
Hans- Cloos Price
The Geological Association eV in Mendig awarded annually since 2000, the Hans Cloos Prize to young scientists. This Award will be presented during the annual meeting, but not necessarily awarded each year geoscientists and geoscientists who are not older than 35 years generally and by a prominent, independent, internationally published scientific performance in the solid earth science or an outstanding contribution for the representation of geoscientific content have excelled themselves. Proposals should be made up to four months before the annual meeting. After obtaining the opinion of an independent person, the price of 10,000 euros will be awarded by the unanimous vote of the Select Board.