Harry B. Gray
Harry Barkus Gray ( born November 14, 1935 in Woodburn, Kentucky) is an American chemist.
Life and work
Harry Barkus Gray, was born as the son of Barkus and Ruby Gray, born Hopper. In 1957, he received his bachelor's degree from Western Kentucky University. Then he wrote his doctoral dissertation under Fred Basolo and Ralph G. Pearson. In 1960 he received his doctorate at Northwestern University and then spent a year as a post- doctoral student at the University of Copenhagen, where he studied with Carl Johan Ballhausen on metal complexes. From 1961 to 1966 he was employed at Columbia University, first as a lecturer ( 1961-63 ), then as an associate professor ( 1963-65 ), and finally as a full professor ( 1965-66 ). In 1966 he moved to the California Institute of Technology, where he was Arnold O. Beckman Professor of Chemistry and the local Beckman Institute built and runs until today. Guest professorships led him to the Rockefeller University, Harvard University, University of Iowa, Yeshiva University, University of Copenhagen, Witwatersrand University, University of Canterbury, University of Hong Kong and University of Oxford.
Gray works in the fields of inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics, and regarded as the founders of the bioinorganic chemistry. Specifically, he examines long-range electron transfer in inorganic complexes, particularly in metalloproteins. He was able to prove by attaching ruthenium complexes that electron transitions also take place between distant metal atoms in the complex in significant rates. In this case, electrons tunnel over a distance of one to two nanometers ( approximately ten to twenty atomic diameter ) through the surrounding polypeptide. In addition, Gray research on mechanisms of inorganic and bioinorganic reactions and for protein folding.
On June 2, 1957 he married Shirley Barnes, with whom he has three children, Victoria Lynn, Andrew Thomas and Noah Harry Barkus.
Publications
Gray was involved in more than 700 scientific papers. A selection:
- JR Winkler, DG Nocera, KM Yocom, E. Bordignon and HB Gray: Electron - Transfer Kinetics of Pentaammineruthenium (III) ( histidine -33) - ferricytochrome -c. Measurement of the Rate of Intramolecular Electron Transfer Between redox centers separated by 15 in a protein. In: Journal of the American Chemical Society. Tape 104, 1982, pp. 5798-5800
- SL Mayo, WR Ellis, Jr., RJ Crutchley and HB Gray: Long - Range Electron Transfer in Heme protein. In: Science. Band 233, 1986, pp. 948-952.
- DS Wuttke, MJ Bjerrum, JR Winkler and HB Gray: Electron Tunneling Pathways in Cytochrome c. In: Science. Volume 256, 1992, pp. 1007-1009.
- R. Langen, I- Jy Chang, JP Germanas, JH Richards, JR Winkler and HB Gray: Electron Tunneling in Proteins: Coupling through a- beach. In: Science. Volume 268, 1995, pp. 1733-1735.
- HB Gray and JR Winkler: Electron transfer in the protein. In: Annual review of biochemistry. Volume 65, 1996, pp. 537-561.
- JR Telford, P. Wittung - Stafshede, HB Gray and JR Winkler: Protein Folding Triggered by Electron Transfer. In: Accounts of chemical research. Volume 31, 1998, pp. 755-763.
- JR Winkler, AJ Di Bilio, NA Farrow, JH Richards and HB Gray: Electron Tunneling in Biological Molecules. In: Pure and Applied Chemistry. Volume 71, 1999, pp. 1753-1764.
- HB Gray and JR Winkler: Electron tunneling through proteins. In: Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics. Volume 36, 2003, pp. 341-371.
- OS Wenger, BS Leigh, RM Villahermosa, HB Gray and JR Winkler: Electron Tunneling through Organic Molecules in Frozen Glasses. In: Science. Volume 307, 2005, pp. 99-102.
- HB Gray and JR Winkler: Long-range electron transfer. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Volume 102, 2005, pp. 3534-3539.
- Harry Barkus Gray: Electrons and Chemical Bonding. Benjamin, New York [ua ] 1964 ( German as electrons and chemical bonding. De Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 1973 ISBN 3-11-003502-2 )
- Carl Johan Ballhausen and Harry Barkus Gray: Molecular orbital theory. An introductory lecture note and reprint volume. Benjamin, New York [ et al ] 1964
- Cooper Harold Langford and Harry Barkus Gray: Ligand Substitution Processes. Benjamin, New York [ua ] 1966, ISBN 0-8053-5822-6
- Harry Barkus Gray and Gilbert Pierce Haight: Basic Principles of Chemistry. Benjamin, New York 1967, ISBN 0-8053-3341-0 ( ISBN formally wrong )
- Joseph B. Dence, Harry Barkus Gray and George Simms Hammond: Chemical Dynamics. Benjamin, New York [ et al ] 1968
- Richard Earl Dickerson, Harry Barkus Gray and Gilbert Pierce Haight: Chemical Principles. Benjamin, New York, 1970, ISBN 0-8053-2359-7 ( German as principles of chemistry. De Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1978, ISBN 3-11-004499-4 )
- George Simms Hammond, Janet Osteryoung and Harry Barkus Gray: Models in Chemical Science. An introduction to general chemistry. Benjamin, New York [ua ], 1971, ISBN 0-8053-3670-2
- Harry Barkus Gray, John G. Swanson and Thomas H. Crawford: Project ACAC. An experimental investigation in synthesis and structure. Bogden and Quigley, Tarrytown -on-Hudson, N. Y. 1972, ISBN 0-8005-0030- X
- Harry Barkus Gray: Chemical bonds. An introduction to atomic and molecular structure. Benjamin, Menlo Park, Calif. 1973, ISBN 0-8053-3402-5, later issue: Univ. Science Books, Mill Valley, Calif. 1994, ISBN 0-935702-35-0
- Roger L. DeKock Harry Barkus Gray: Chemical Structure and Bonding. Benjamin / Cummings Pub. Co., Menlo Park, California in 1980, ISBN 0-8053-2310-4
- Ivano Bertini, Harry Barkus Gray, Stephen J. Lippard and Joan Selverstone Valentine: Bioinorganic chemistry. University Science Books, Mill Valley, California in 1994, ISBN 0-935702-57-1
- Harry Barkus Gray, John D. Simon, and William C. Trogler: Braving the Elements. University Science Books, Sausalito, CA 1995, ISBN 0-935702-34-2
- Ivano Bertini, Harry Barkus Gray, Edward I. Stiefel, and Joan Selverstone Valentine: Biological Inorganic Chemistry. Structure and Reactivity. 2007, ISBN 978-1-891389-43-6