Heinz Hartmann
Heinz Hartmann ( * November 4, 1894 in Vienna, † May 17 1970 in Stony Point, New York) was a psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He is regarded as one of the founders and most important representatives of ego psychology.
Childhood and education
Hartmann was born into a family from which emerged some writers and academics. His father Ludo Moritz Hartmann was a history professor, and his mother Margaret, nee Chrobak, pianist and sculptor. After high school, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna and in 1920 received his doctorate for Dr. med. After that, he worked first as an assistant and later as a senior physician at the country's hospitals and nursing institution for nervous and mental patients in Vienna under Julius Wagner -Jauregg.
Connection to Sigmund Freud
He was interested in Freud's theories. The death of Karl Abraham prevented Hartmann mind to pursue the training analysis, which he had intended to continue with him. Instead, he made his first analysis with Sándor Radó. From 1920 he was a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. In 1927 he published the fundamentals of psychoanalysis and then several studies on psychoses, neuroses, twins, etc. He also participated in the publication of a Handbook of Medical Psychology and was from 1932 to 1941 editor of the International Journal of Psychoanalysis. As Hartmann has been proposed for a position at Johns Hopkins University, Sigmund Freud offered him a free analysis to keep him in Vienna. He decided for analysis with Freud and became known as an outstanding analyst of his generation.
The psychology of the ego
Before the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society in 1937, he presented a study on the psychology of the ego, a subject that he should deepen later, when he published his work ego psychology and adjustment problem. This work established the development of theoretical direction, which became known as ego psychology.
Heinz Hartmann was introduced as part of its expansion and differentiation of psychoanalysis and ego psychology the self as an instance in the theories of psychoanalysis. This instance is in Hartmann another cross- psychic system next to it and the superego. It can be set relative to the objects of the external world as well with libidinal energy. This makes it possible to distinguish between the occupation of objects of the external world and the occupation of one's own person. This theoretical step had great influence on the object relations theory and self psychology of Heinz Kohut.
1938: escape and new beginnings in the U.S.
After the "Anschluss of Austria" had Hartmann Austria in 1938 left with his family to escape the Nazis. On the way over Paris and Switzerland in 1941, he reached New York, where he is one of the leading thinkers of the New York Psychoanalytic Society was fast. He was joined by Ernst Kris and Rudolph Loewenstein, together with whom he wrote many articles joined.
In 1945 he founded together with Kris and Anna Freud one years work entitled The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. In the 1950s he was president of the International Psychological Association ( IPA), and after some years of the presidency to him the honorary title of President was bestowed for life.
Writings
- Ego psychology and adjustment problem. 3 unveränd. Ed, Klett, Stuttgart 1975.
- Essays on Ego Psychology. Selected Problems in Psychoanalytic Theory, 1965, ISBN 0-8236-1740-8, dt ego psychology. Studies of psychoanalytic theory, Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart ² 1997, ISBN 978-3-608-91847-2