Ernst Kris
Walter Ernst Kris ( born April 26, 1900 in Vienna, † February 27, 1957 in New York) was a native of Austria American art historian and psychoanalyst. and representatives of the psychoanalytic ego psychology.
Life
Kris - son of the Jewish lawyer Leopold Kris and his wife Kris Rosa, nee Schick - attended the state high school in the 13th district of Vienna. He was able to attend as a student of art history lectures at the University of Vienna as a result of the First World War. Together with his friends Otto Kurz and Ernst Gombrich Kris studied since the autumn of 1918, the art history department at Julius von Schlosser, in which he received his doctorate in 1922 with a thesis on the use of natural casting at Wenzel Fannitzer and Bernhard Palissyden. Kris was also a pupil of the archaeologist Emanuel Löwy, a friend of Sigmund Freud. After studying Kris worked as a curator in the Department of Plastic and Applied Arts at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
Kris ' fiancee Marianne Rie ( * May 27, 1900, † 23 November 1980) was a friend until her death with Anna Freud. 1924 Ernst Kris met by his fiancée Sigmund Freud know. Her father was Oscar Rie pediatrician and friend of the Freud family. Because Marianne Rie for her medical studies completed a psychoanalysis in Berlin, Freud recommended that the fiancé is also a training analysis, which until 1927 made in 1924 with Helene German in Vienna. 1927 married Ernst Kris and Marianne Rie. In 1928, the spouse was extraordinary members of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society.
In addition to his appointment at the Kunsthistorisches Museum Kris opened a psychoanalytic practice in which he treated his patients before nine clock in the morning and after eighteen clock. In addition, Kris taught as a training analyst from 1930 to 1938 at the Psychoanalytic Institute in Vienna. The Metropolitan Museum of Art commissioned Ernst Kris in 1929 with the creation of a catalog about cameos and intaglios. Since 1932, Kris was - together with Robert forests - worked as an editor for the journal Imago. Here he published in 1933 an article about the sculptor Franz Xaver Messerschmidt.
After the annexation of Austria on March 12, 1938 Ernst Kris was forced to emigrate with his family to London. There he worked for the BBC on a scientific analysis of Nazi propaganda. 1940 Kris was sent into this function to Canada and later in the United States. In September 1940 he was appointed the New School for Social Research professor, and here he built together with Hans Speier, a research program of totalitarian propaganda. In New York he was a member and training analyst of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute. Kris began to care for the child's development and conducted a longitudinal study on early childhood at the Child Study Center at Yale University. He was board of the journal The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child in Editiorial. At the New York Psychoanalytic Institute, he initiated together with Yale University the Gifted Adolescence Project, the talented young people with mental health problems made it possible to psychoanalysis. "
Kris ' among art historians known book is along with Otto Kurz authored work, The Legend of the Artist, are examined in the usual anecdotes and mythologies about artists and personalities recognized as fictions. He worked both in Vienna and in London often together with Ernst Gombrich.
"With its broad historical introduction to the first processing of the Freud - flow - Letters (1950 ), he has written a contribution to Freud of biographies. "
Publications
- The style " rustique ". Thesis. Yearbook of Art History Collections in Vienna 1/1926, pp. 137-208.
- The cameos in the art-historical museum. Descriptive catalog. Together with Fritz Eichler. Schroll, Vienna 1927
- Masters and Masterpieces of lapidary art in the Italian Renaissance. Schroll, Vienna 1929
- An insane sculptor. Imago 19/1933, pp. 384-411
- The Legend of the Artist. A historical experiment. Together with Otto Kurz. Crystal, Vienna 1934 Re: The Legend of the Artist. A historical experiment. Together with Otto Kurz. With a foreword by Ernst H. Gombrich. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-518-28802-4 3rd edition 1995.