Helminthoglyptidae
Helminthoglypta tudiculata ( I. Lea, 1838)
The Helminthoglyptidae are a family from the suborder of terrestrial snails ( gastropod ). The family is restricted to the southern and southwestern North America. There are more than 100 described species of the family. The oldest representative of the family date back to the late Eocene ( Paleogene ).
Features
The housings are globose to flattened, with a slanted oval to elliptical mouth. Usually a folded mouth edge is formed. The shell is relatively thin. The jaw has a few, but distinct ribs, or is smooth with a median projection. A diverticulum may be present or absent. The love dart apparatus consists on a sack with two glands. The love dart is round in cross section or elliptic.
Occurrence, lifestyle and dissemination
The species of the family live exclusively in Mexico and the U.S. states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Colorado. They usually prefer arid areas of the coastal regions to often to great heights.
System
The scope of family is controversial. It was originally much larger and included the genera of the family Cepolidae, Monadeniidae and Humboldtianidae, as well as some sub-families, which are now assigned to other families. Therefore, the definitions and specified distribution areas of this family often vary considerably. The subfamilies Micrariontinae Schileyko, 1991 and Sonorellinae Pilsbry, 1939 provided by Schileyko (2004) to the family Xanthonychidae. In Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), however, they are listed under the family Helminthoglytidae. Schileyko (2004) again, the family is " Cepolidae Jhering, 1909 " (name invalid) as a subfamily of the Helminthoglyptidae. The is not followed here; the Tribusgliederung the subfamily Helminthoglyptinae of Schileyko (2004) is not listed here. The subfamily Eremariontinae Schileyko, 1991 is placed in the synonymy of Helminthoglyptinae Bouchet & Rocroi of ( 2005). It covers all genres of Helminthoglyptinae except Helminthoglypta.
- Family Helminthoglyptidae Pilsbry, 1939 Subfamily Helminthoglyptinae Pilsbry, 1939 Genus Helminthoglypta Ancey, 1887 ( with the subgenera Helminthoglypta ( Helminthoglypta ) Ancey, 1887, Helminthoglypta ( Charadotes ) Pilsbry, 1939 Helminthoglypta ( Rothelix ) W. Miller, 1985, Helminthoglypta ( Coyote ) Reeder & Roth, 1988 and Helminthoglypta ( Noyo ) Roth, 1996)
- Genus Eremarionta Pilsbry, 1913
- Genus Cahuillus Roth, 1996
- Genus Eremariontoides W. Miller, 1981
- Genus Greggelix W. Miller, 1981
- Genus Martirelix W. Miller, 1981
- Genus Herpeteros Berry, 1947
- Genus Sonorelix Berry, 1943
- Genus Micrarionta Ancey, 1880 ( with subgenera Micrarionta ( Micrarionta ) Ancey, 1880, Micrarionta ( Nicolenea ) Roth, 1996 and Micrarionta ( Chamaearionta ) Berry, 1930)
- Genus Plesarionta Pilsbry, 1939
- Genus Xerarionta Pilsbry, 1913
- Genus Sonoranax Pilsbry, 1939
- Genus Mohavelix Berry, 1943
- Genus Sonor Ella Pilsbry, 1900
- Genus Maricopella Roth, 1996
- Genus Masculus Pilsbry, 1900
- Genus Myotophallus Pilsbry, 1939
Phylogeny
The Helminthoglyptidae family is by Koene and Schulenberg ( 2005), the sister group of the Humboldtianidae. Helminthoglyptidae and Humboldtianidae together form a monophyletic group, which is the sister group of the Monadeniidae.
Helicidae
Helminthoglyptidae
Humboldtianidae
Monadeniidae