Helonoma

Helonoma is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), containing only three or four species. They are widespread in tropical South America.

Description

The Helonoma - growing species are terrestrial, small herbaceous plants. The roots are distributed to several at short intervals on a creeping rhizome, they are slender cylindrical, fleshy and hairy. The leaves are heaped into a rosette at the base of the shoot. They are clearly stalked, the blade base includes the shoot. The leaf blade is oval and pointed ends, the leaves are colored dark green of the leaf stalk whitish.

The terminal inflorescence is wenigblütig and einseitswendig he is hairy glandular. Some bracts sit at intervals on the inflorescence stem, the lower surround him tubular, the upper ones are lanceolate. The small flowers are from horizontal, they are green to white. The spindle-shaped ovary is sessile and barely twisted. The sepals are shaped equal to each other, their basal half is fused into a tubular nectary, the front part is a bit spread out. The dorsal sepal is adherent to the column, the side are lengthened somewhat asymmetrical at the base. The petals adhere at least to the inner edge of the dorsal sepal. The lip is narrowed stalk -like at the base ( nailed ), the nail is fused with the lateral sepals. The lamina of the lip is arrow-shaped, adherent with the raised sides of the column. The club-shaped column is fused to the base of dust sheet with the dorsal sepal, the reason it extends over the joint with the ovary out ( pedestal ). The scar is bilobed. The stamen is oval to lanceolate, dome -shaped, front pointed. It contains two elongated club-shaped pollinia, which at a small round adhesive wafer ( Viscidium ) depend. The separation layers between stamen and stigma ( rostellum ) is short and blunt

From Helonoma bifida is known that the flowers are always self-pollinated. You lack the rostellum, and they are also peloric.

Occurrence

Helonoma is known from a few locations in South America, mainly in the area of the Guiana shield. Altitudes 1200-2600 meters are populated. The plants grow in permanently moist sites in moss beds.

Systematics and botanical history

Helonoma is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae. The genus was erected by Garay 1982. The name derives from the Greek helonomos and means as much as " growing in the swamp ." Type species is Helonoma americana.

The genus Helonoma was considered by Burns- Balogh as a synonym for Cyclopogon. Szlachetko however, placed the species Beloglottis; Szlachetko also presented the genus Wallnoeferia on with the only kind Wallnoeferia peruviana. After Salazar Wallnoeferia peruviana is another species of the genus Helonoma, but so far no one has published the required combination. Also the genus Helonoma closely related could be Aracamunia liesneri.

The species of the genus Helonoma:

• Helonoma americana ( C.Schweinf. & Garay ) Garay
• Helonoma bifida ( Ridl. ) Garay
• Helonoma chiropterae ( Szlach. ) Carnevali & GARomero

Documents

The information in this article come from mainly:

• Leslie A. Garay: A generic revision of the Spiranthinae. In: Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University. 28, No. 4, 1982, pp. 327-328.
• Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase and Finn Rasmussen ( ed.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae. 3/2, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9, pp. 212-215.

Furthermore, quoting:

Postgraduate

• List of Orchid Genera

• Orchids
• Orchidaceae