Hermann IV of Hesse
Called Hermann of Hesse, " Fried Same" ( " pacificus ", * 1450, † October 19, 1508 in Poppelsdorf ( now part of Bonn) ) was from 1480 to 1508 when Hermann IV Archbishop of Cologne from 1498 when Hermann I. well as Prince-Bishop of Paderborn.
- 5.1 sources
- 5.2 representations
- 5.3 Newspaper articles
Biography
Birth and first years
Hermann was the third son of Landgrave Ludwig I of Hesse, the peaceable, and his wife Anna of Saxony, daughter of Elector Frederick I of Saxony. As a posthumous son, who was only a substitute for the direct succession in question, he was chosen very early for an ecclesiastical career and was at an early age a, origin reasonable, considerable number of benefices: the deaneries on Marienmunster to Aachen and on Peter pin to Fritzlar, the dean office of St. Gereon in Cologne and canonries to the cathedrals of Mainz and Cologne. In 1461 he was elected to the cathedral chapter. 1463 he was also canon in Mainz. He was elected in 1465 to Domscholasten of Worms.
He let himself enter 1462 in the matriculation of the University of Cologne. Also at the Charles University in Prague, he was enrolled as a student.
In 1471 he turned to Hildesheimer episcopal election, but withdrew in 1472 because of difficulties in the papal recognition back. 1473 he was appointed by the cathedral chapter to the Administrator and also elected Stiftsverweser little later.
The defense of the city of Neuss 1474/75
In his capacity as administrator of the Archdiocese of Cologne, he organized in 1474 under the pen Cologne feud personally and successfully defending Neuss during almost a year of siege by Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. Emperor Friedrich III. appointed him in November 1475 to Stiftsgubernator.
Archbishop of Cologne
After the Archbishop of Cologne, Ruprecht had been jailed by the Palatinate and Hessian city of Cologne Help 1478, he renounced the Cologne Erzstuhl. Hermann, however, was chosen after Rupert's death on August 11, 1480 the new archbishop of Cologne. The papal confirmation of the election followed in November 1480th He received the regalia but only in November 1485th
After many turbulent years of the assertion Hermann now devoted to the administrative and financial recovery of his archdiocese. The relative peace and stability in his 28 years of reign also brought him his nickname " Fried Same" one.
Prince-Bishop of Paderborn
In 1495 he became Coadjutor Bishopric of Paderborn. On March 7, 1498, he was also Prince-Bishop of Paderborn and set objecting to the Strasbourg Cathedral Provost Philip of Cleves by. For Philip his brother, Duke John II of Cleves had occurred, but he could not prevail ultimately. This time, Hermann received the support of the Roman-German king and later Emperor Maximilian I and the Pope Alexander VI.
Thanks to the 1495 established by Maximilian I. Imperial Supreme Court as a superior arbitrator remained the Paderborn region saves more warlike turmoil in the tenure of Hermann Hesse. Hermann held on October 1, 1500 in Paderborn from a large Lehenstag, in which 40 Count and baronial vassal paid homage to their ruler. It succeeded Hermann also to restore its sovereign rights in Helmarshausen in Mars mountain and Delbrück.
In the Bishopric of Paderborn in particular he took his function seriously as spiritual chief shepherd and intensified supervision of the monasteries. He regularly read the Holy Mass, praying the breviary and performed the Episcopal liturgical acts themselves, if possible, what was not, of course, for this time. 1501 Hermann built the parish Bevern east of the Weser and consecrated the church there in 1506 itself, the Cistercian monastery at the Gaukirche of St. Ulrich in Paderborn in 1506, he transformed into a Benedictine monastery according to the strict rule of the Congregation for Bursfeld. Two Benedictine nuns from Willebadessen were entrusted with the implementation of the reform program, and the spiritual superintendence was the abbot of the monastery Abdinghof. The abbey of Corvey had already been connected to the 1501 Bursfeld Congregation. Bielefeld received in time Hermann of Hesse two new monastic offices: The Jodokuskloster of the Franciscans was 1501-1507, and the Covenant of Süstern ( Augustinian nuns after the Rule of St. Augustine) was built in 1503.
In his work Hermann was supported by the cleric Johannes Loss and Konrad Wippermann as permanent vicars general. John Schneider ( Sartor ) from Dortmund looked under Hermann in the Bishopric of Paderborn as auxiliary bishop. Bishop Schneider consecrated in 1502, among other Kirchborchen the altars.
The outbreak of the plague in Paderborn in 1503 and a great fire of 1506, in which more than 300 houses were completely destroyed, but paralyzed the religious and economic life in the city sustainable, had blossomed under Hermann of Hesse.
Death
When Hermann of Hesse died in Poppelsdorf on October 19, 1508 held by the Franciscans of the Brühl wake. As he had wished, he was laid to rest in the Cologne Cathedral in a simple grave, a flat grave instead of a high tomb. His heart was buried in the Brühl castle church of St. Mary of the Angels before the high altar.
Assessment
From the fun-loving and ambitious young man had become a peaceable Bishop, who used frequent handling of the Fathers and founder of the Franciscan monastery in Brühl. The chroniclers of the time noticed that the pious archbishop for a Prince of the Church of his time the show very often used to celebrate themselves, and also the sacrament of Confirmation, he donated personally.
Of the contemporaries Hermann of Hesse the peaceable ( pacificus ) was called. Mary Fuhs called Hermann of Hesse as the "big, workers ' at the Cologne Erzstuhl ".
Progeny
As a young man was Hermann von Hessen father of two sons, one of whom was in his lifetime pen dean of St. Maria ad Gradus in Cologne.
Memory
1925 reminded the Neuss during the Belgian occupation with a drama at the siege of the city by Charles the Bold and honored as Hermann Hesse as the savior of the city. The spectacle had openly political implications.
At Hermann of Hesse is today remembered in Neuss in several places. In the old Council Chamber of City Hall Neuss is a monumental painting of the siege of the city of Neuss. Since 1984 located on the Neuss marketplace in disguise with relief panels fountain. The relief panels show important phases or events of the Neuss city history. The fountain is a statue of Hermann Hesse as a defender of the city.
Since 1989 the Hermann von Hessen price, the highest distinction of the Heimatfreunde Neuss. The award, which goes back to an initiative by Heinz Günther Hüsch is awarded since 1990 every year to men and women or organizations "who have rendered outstanding by selfless, meritorious, many years and applied with high personal involvement activities around town and landscape Neuss " the award consists of a set up by Professor Elmar Hillebrand bronze statuette of Hermann Hesse and the awarding of a certificate documenting. The Hermann of Hesse prize will be awarded to the winner in a ceremony at the Clemens - Sels - Museum. The award winners included, among others, Karl -Heinz Want Haupt ( 1994), Hermann- Josef Dusend (1996 ), the Archdiocesan School Marie Berg ( 2004) and Franz Josef Schmitt (2007) and Dr. Max Dive (2008).
Sources and representations
Swell
- A V Fondo Consistoriale, Acta Cameralia 1 fol. 69 r. ( Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn )
- SAM FP Urk 2158A, 2178, 2191, 2195, 2208-2211, 2214 and 2215th
- Christian Wierstraet: The History of the Siege of Neuss. Facsimile of the First Edition by Arnold ther horns, Cologne 1476th transmission and Introduction by Herbert Kolb. Neuss 1974.
Representations
- Werner Beutler: Hermann IV of Fried seed of Hesse, Archbishop of Cologne ( 1480-1508 ). In: Rheinische life pictures 13 (1993 ), pp. 51-71.
- Hans Jürgen Brandt; Karl Hengst: The Bishops and Archbishops of Paderborn. Boniface printing, Paderborn 1984, ISBN 3-87088-381-2, pp. 188-191.
- Leonard Ennen: Hermann IV, Landgrave of Hesse. Archbishop of Cologne. In: General German Biography (ADB ). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 131-135.
- Mary Fuhs: Hermann IV of Hesse. Archbishop of Cologne from 1480 to 1508. Cologne, Weimar 1995 ( Cologne Historical Essays 40). ISBN 3-412-03295-6
- Jens Metz village, " distress, anxiety and great pain". The Siege of Neuss by Charles the Bold 1474/75. In: ... litters out in stones / grôze and niht small ... sieges and siege equipment in the Middle Ages. Edited by Olaf Wagener and Heiko Let. Frankfurt, among others 2006 ( Supplements to the Medieval Studies 7 ), pp. 167-188. PDF
- Robert Stupperich: Hermann IV, Landgrave of Hesse. In: New German Biography ( NDB ). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3, pp. 635 f ( digitized ).
- Gabriel Zeilinger: Hermann of Hesse ( 1450-1508 ). In: Biographic- bibliographic church encyclopedia ( BBKL ). Volume 23, Bautz, Nordhausen 2004, ISBN 3-88309-155-3, 656-658 Sp. (Articles / Articles beginning possibly in the Internet Archive )
Newspaper article
- Simon Hopf: War hero and prince of the Church. 500 years ago, Hermann died of Hesse, the defender of Neuss ( series: home country). In: Neuss - Grevenbroicher newspaper of 25 October 2008, page E1.