Institut de Droit international
The Institut de droit international, to German Institute for International Law, is an association of lawyers, which. Development of international law, that is, of international law and private international law, pursue science and influenced by suggestions The organization was founded on 8 September 1873 in Ghent in Belgium and received for their commitment to the 1904 Nobel Peace Prize. The Institute consists of a statutorily specified number of more than 132 legal experts. New associate members, full members and honorary members are picked up by co-option, so co-opted by the existing members. The selection is based on the scientific achievements of the respective persons, so that the recording is a recognition. The Institute has the character of a learned society.
History and work
The founding of the Institut de Droit International (IDI ) was performed in the town hall of the Belgian city of Ghent by eleven renowned experts in international law, namely Carlos Calvo from Argentina, Gustave Rolin - Jaequemyns and Émile Louis Victor de Laveleye from Belgium, Pasquale Stanislao Mancini and Augusto Pierantoni from Italy, Tobias Asser of the Netherlands, Gustave Moynier and Johann Caspar Bluntschli from Switzerland, David Dudley Field from the United States, James Lorimer from the United Kingdom, and Vladimir Pavlovich Besobrasov from Russia. In addition, the also invited German - Russian jurist August from Bulmerincq who could not attend the inaugural meeting shall, as a member since its founding.
The initiative to create the IDI went there by Gustave Rolin - Jaequemyns and Gustave Moynier from; Pasquale Stanislao Mancini first president. Moynier had been as co-founder and president of the International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, later the International Committee of the Red Cross, a decisive role in the formation and development of modern international law. Other well-known lawyers, who influenced the work of the Institute, for example, were the Russian diplomat Friedrich From Hold Martens, particularly launching the international humanitarian law and, as a native of Germany Felix Stoerk temporarily served as Vice President, as well as the Austrian Leopold Freiherr von Neumann. Honorary President of the Institute were appointed Gustave Rolin - Jaequemyns (1892 ), Gustave Moynier (1894 ), John Westlake (1911 ), Alberic Rolin (1923 ) and Charles de Visscher (1954).
The IDI was often involved in the formation and development of other institutions, among others, in 1873 at the founding of the International Law Association, as well as in the establishment of the Academy of International Law in The Hague in 1913, the International Law Commission of the United Nations in 1947. In 1880 published the Institute under the title Manuel des lois de la guerre sur terre ( " the rules of War on Land " ) is a also referred to as Oxford Manual of rules, which summarizes important rules for warfare and thought as a basis for corresponding national legislation in the then State was. A significant contribution delivered it in the preparation of the first Peace Conference at The Hague in 1899, the drafting of the incurred in this context as well as the follow-up conference in 1907 Hague Convention and the establishment of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Since 1913, the Institute is also formally consultant to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Through the participation and consultation of international judicial bodies, the Institute plays a decisive influence on questions of international law, such as by its resolutions concerning the protection of human rights of 1929 and 1947, the environmental protection of the sea from 1937 and 1966 and for the peaceful use of outer space by 1963.
Organization
The Institut de Droit International is a private association without official character. It is composed of more than 132 members, recognized their scientific achievements in their selection in accordance with the Statutes of the Institute as well as an unbalanced representation of individual states should be avoided. New Members are first as associate members and typically get by active participation in three working sessions, the full membership. Non-attendance at three consecutive meetings, a Member shall be deemed withdrawn, provided that the non-participation is not based on otherwise important reasons. In previous active participation in at least five sessions retired members are listed as emeritus members. In addition, outstanding members of the Institute will be awarded honorary membership.
The working sessions of the Institute shall normally be held every one to two years and are led by a president who was elected at the end of the previous session. Made the office and the General Secretariat as administrative organs between sessions. Members of the offices of the President, the three Vice-Presidents, the Secretary, the Treasurer and the Chairman of the Program Committee. The Secretary and the Treasurer shall be elected for three sessions, the President and the Vice President for the duration of a session. Funding for the work is carried out mainly by membership fees, donations and endowment, which was attributable primarily to the Nobel prize money as well as to gifts and inheritances. The Foundation was founded in 1947 to administer the assets is organized under Swiss law, based in Lausanne. The headquarters of the Institute depends on the origin of the Secretary-General.
For the content of the work, individual members are selected as rapporteurs and thematic commissions formed. At present there are in addition to the program commission 18 more commissions on various aspects of international law. The object of the rapporteurs and commissions is the preparation of reports and proposals that serve as the basis for meetings or as draft resolutions and declarations of the Institute. The most important regular publication of the Institute is the internationally published under the title Annuaire de l' Institute de droit yearbook.