Isoflurane

• Foran
• Aerran
• (RS)- difluoromethoxy -1 -chloro- 2,2,2 -trifluoroethane
• (±)- difluoromethoxy -1 -chloro- 2,2,2 -trifluoroethane
• Rac- difluoromethoxy -1 -chloro- 2,2,2 -trifluoroethane

N01AB06

Colorless, ethereal smelling liquid

Inhalation anesthetic

1.45 g · cm -3

48.5 ° C

440 hPa ( 25 ° C)

Not miscible with water

Attention

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Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic is selected from the group of Flurane. It is a structural isomer of enflurane and is used in Germany since 1984 for anesthesia. Isoflurane has a good hypnotic and muscle relaxant properties, but functions only weakly analgesic.

Chemistry and Pharmacology

The metabolic capacity of isoflurane is very low ( 0.2 %), which is why the anesthetic can also be used in patients with hepatic impairment. The blood - gas partition coefficient of isoflurane is 1.46, at a concentration of 1 vol - % in the pulmonary alveoli, the concentration in the blood is therefore 1.46 vol - %. Isoflurane is chiral, it is used as a racemic mixture [ 1:1 mixture of (S)- isoflurane and (R)- isoflurane ]. The synthesis of isoflurane, based on 2,2,2 -trifluoroethanol and dimethyl sulfate, is described in the literature.

Side effects

Isoflurane causes vasodilation ( vasodilation ) and dose-dependently decrease in arterial blood pressure and increase in heart rate. It reduces the blood flow to the heart and cardiac output. The blood flow to the kidneys is reduced the glomerular filtration rate and urine production can be reduced. In addition, the drug reduced the breathability, thus acts respiratory depressant. Isoflurane is irritating to mucous membranes and is thus limited to the induction of anesthesia.