John I, Duke of Lorraine
John I (* 1346, † September 23, 1390 in Paris) was Duke of Lorraine from 1346 to 1390, he was the son of Duke Rudolf and Marie de Châtillon..
Biography
He was Duke of Lorraine, when his father fell six months after his birth in the Battle of Crécy. Until 1353 he was under the regency of his mother, Marie de Châtillon and the Count Eberhard II of Württemberg. In December of the same year he made fealty to the Emperor Charles IV, for which he was appointed lieutenant-general of the Empire in the Moselle region, ie deputy of the emperor on the Mosel, named in return. 1356 and again in 1365 took John I on the side of the Teutonic Order in its crusade against the Lithuanians in part.
On the other hand, he fought on September 19, 1356 on the French side in the battle of Maupertuis, supported the Dauphin Charles in the uprising of the Paris, adopted on May 19, 1364 in the association's coronation in Reims, as well as on the part of his uncle Charles of Blois in the Breton war of Succession, which ended with the battle of Auray on 29 September 1364 the death of Charles and the capture of John and Bertrand du Guesclins. In the following years he helped Charles V and later Charles VI. Lost in the reconquest of the Treaty of Brétigny ( 1360 ) areas
The end of his reign, however, was characterized by a distancing from the French court, on the one hand, because he had to fight the Grandes dance companies, who lived among other things in his duchy, on the other hand, because the royal officials were trying to relations between the nobility of Lorraine and its to regulate Duke and to consolidate its influence in Lorraine. As a result of his distancing himself Johann Philipp I. approached on the Bold, Duke of Burgundy. He died on September 23, 1390 in Paris, where he was to defend himself before the Parlement, after he had been indicted by the inhabitants of Neufchâteau abuse of power.
Progeny
John I married on December 16, 1361 in Stuttgart Sophie of Württemberg (* 1343, † 1369 ), the daughter of his former guardian Eberhard II; their children were:
- Charles II, Duke of Lorraine, † 1431; ∞ Margaret of the Palatinate, † 1434 daughter of King Ruprecht ( Wittelsbach )
- Friedrich, X 1415, Count of Vaudémont, ∞ Marguerite de Joinville, Countess of Vaudémont, daughter of Henri, Sire de Joinville
- Isabelle, † after 1423; Enguerrand VII de Coucy ∞, Earl of Bedford, Count of Soissons, † 1397 (House Ghent)