Jonker Afrikaner

Jonker Afrikaner, actually | Hara- MUB = | HOA | aramab [ Khi 1] ( * 1790 in Tulbagh, South Africa, † August 18 1861 in Okahandja to Windhoek ) was a tribal leader in the former South West Africa. He was Kaptein of Orlam Africans (Gu! Goun or Nauba - xu gye |! Ki- khoen ).

Biography

Jonker Afrikaner was the youngest son of the African Kapteins Jager Afrikaner ( | Hoa | arab ). As this to his tribe based in Warmbad ( South West Africa ) was died in 1823, it came in the dispute over Kapteinssnachfolge to a tribal division. The one part of the Africans remained in Warmbad, while the other part followed in the tradition of his father Jonker Afrikaner.

In the period following the Africans led under the leadership of Jonker by a number of raids against each tribe, who came in their reach. Thanks to its equipment with firearms these raids have all proved successful and brought the tribe of considerable inflow. This in turn increased the power and the glory of Jonker Afrikaner so much that he was asked by games, the female Kaptein of the "Red Nation" ( Kai ǁ khaun Nama ) in Hoachanas them to fight the south advancing, numerically far superior Herero assist. Jonker Afrikaner complied with this request and succeeded, the Herero inflicting severe defeats and push them back to about the height of Windhoek.

1840 could be final Jonker Afrikaner in Windhoek down and established here - in the immediate vicinity of its main rivals, the Hereros in Okahandja - his tribal seat. Through skillful negotiations, but also by the participation of the Herero to his prey successes, reached Jonker Afrikaner in 1842 a peace agreement with the two main Herero chiefs Tjamuaha and Kahitjene. To strengthen this conclusion of the contract, it was agreed that the two Herero chiefs moved their residence to Windhoek and the son of Tjamuaha, Maharero, along with the roughly the same nephew (or son? ) Of Jonker Afrikaner Jan Jonker Afrikaner ( | Haramumab ), in Windhoek grew up and both were eventually appointed under the command of Jonker Afrikaner to sub- chiefs. These youth spent together founded a firm, the feuds of the two strains on lasting friendship between Maharero and Jan Jonker Afrikaner (although Maharero after the death Jonkers finally should put the cause of the downfall of the Africans ).

By not always voluntary influx of Nama and Damara tribes and the reunification of the remaining on the Orange African Windhoek grew (this name in 1844 for the first time demonstrated) the undisputed center of power of the then South West Africa, with around 30,000 inhabitants ( 1843). Nevertheless, the power struggles between Africans and Herero did not listen to what each other, but partly due to the strained relationship between the two Herero chiefs in part to the increasing number of dealers in Windhoek, the dealer provided the Africans with plenty of alcohol and weapons and could be to pay for it with cattle. As soon own cattle were no longer present in sufficient numbers, however, the cattle herds of the Herero were - especially the "East- Herero " ( Mbanderu ) and the rich chief Kahitjene - robbed. The mutual hostilities culminated in a scathing attack of the Africans to the Herero in 1850 - the so-called " massacre of Okahandja ." More raids followed; the Herero were, however, not on the basis of their own disunity able to defend themselves against the raids of the Africans and the allied Tjamuaha and Maherero - Herero effectively to defend.

The success of Jonker Afrikaner excited the jealousy and distrust of those who had once hired him for the fight against the Herero - the "Red Nation" in Hoachanas. Their new Oberkaptein Oasib (! Na - khomab ) tried in several attempts to curb the dominance of the Africans. This he failed but thoroughly so that Oasib finally felt compelled on January 9, 1858 Peace of Hoachanas. This peace marks the culmination of the power of Jonker Afrikaner and the Africans led by him: the Herero had - if they were not allied with Jonker Afrikaner or could flee into Kaokoland - ceased to exist. The Nama and their allies remaining Orlam tribes recognized the territorial sovereignty of Jonker Afrikaner over Hereroland to, that is, over the entire northern part of South-West Africa, and also with respect to any disputes in the South of the country, were subjected to the saying of Jonker Afrikaner.

After another successful raid - this time against the Ovambo in the north of South West Africa - returned Jonker Afrikaner seriously ill to Windhoek back and sat down at his likewise affected Herero chief friend Tjamuaha in Okahandja. On August 18, 1861 Jonker Africans died after his eldest son Christian Africans | had appointed as his successor ( Haragab ). A short time later also died Tjamuaha whose successor was his brother Jan Jonker Afrikaner. The grave of Jonker Afrikaner is at Okahandja. The severe smallpox epidemic from 1855 to 1860 is one reason for the subsequent decline of the Africans.