Józef Dietl

Joseph Dietl ( born January 24, 1804 in Podbuż, Eastern Galicia; † January 18, 1878 in Kraków ) was a Polish- Austrian physician, university teacher and politician. He was Rector of the Jagiellonian University and from 1866 to 1874 mayor of Krakow.

Life

Dietl's parents were of German descent Franciscus Dietl, a small provincial official in the Empire of Austria, and his wife Anna Kulczycka from impoverished Polish nobility. The grandparents had emigrated in the 18th century from Hungary to Galicia.

The first school years spent Dietl in Sambor. Following the move of his parents he went in Tarnów and Nowy Sacz in 1817 to school. After his father's death (1819 ) he earned the money for his upkeep and further education through tutoring.

Lviv

From 1821 he completed a three- year degree in philosophy at the University of Lemberg. For his outstanding results in the final examination, he was allowed to hold lectures. He could knowledge of French and Italian language acquire and put aside money for its planned studies in Vienna.

Vienna

In 1823 he began the study of medicine at the University of Vienna. Among his fellow students were Carl Rokitansky and Joseph Skoda, his teachers Johann Nepomuk von Raimann. Soon penniless again, he was a tutor at a Viennese merchant. In 1829 he received a doctorate in med The first viva on May 4, 1829 Chairman said.:

" This man in five minutes we are told more than another in two hours. "

Dietl believed that no doctor, but nature heals all diseases. The view corresponded to the New Vienna School of Medicine and the ideas of thrift in financial management ( Austria ). Even before the publication of his doctoral thesis was Dietl Demonstrator in the Department of Natural History, and special natural history ( mineralogy, zoology ). In the lectures of Johann Andreas Scherer he was famulus.

When he had proved in 1830 and 1832 at ( the first in Europe) cholera epidemics, he was appointed as head of Vienna's premier hospital for cholera victims. In addition to that, he held on to the university lectures in natural history. After he had applied in vain to the Dean's Office at the University of Padua, he returned to the academic world the back. He became a police district medical officer of Wieden (Vienna) and came as a privately practicing physician of high standing.

While maintaining his position in 1841 he Wieden unpaid primary doctor of internal medicine at Wiedner Hospital. 1848 he was appointed to leader of the whole house. After 19 - year break Dietl began to publish again. His report on the recent epidemic in 1844 was known as the " Manifesto of the ( new ) Viennese School ".

" As long as the medicine is an art, it will not be a science. As long as there are successful doctors, there will be no scientific physicians. "

This ingenious paradox formed the core idea of the therapeutic nihilism of the New Viennese School. Erna Lesky sees this as the quintessential concern of Vienna, the "soft law" in therapy.

Krakow

University

Dietl followed the call of the Jagiellonian University and took over on May 12, 1851, the leadership of the Department of Special Pathology and Therapy at the medical clinic. The hospital had only 18 beds and was modest but exemplary equipped. Dietl not remained in the therapeutic nihilism. Rather, he developed the physical examination. As the first in Cracow, he taught courses to percussion and auscultation. Plessimeter and stethoscope were soon featured in each physician. Dietl brought the clinic to high esteem and increased it to six beds. On Dietl excitation medical textbooks were translated into the Polish language and printed in the university printing. For the students, they were affordable. Idolized by them, Dietl was the most important professor of the faculty and the Jagiellonian University. Unusually long, from 1856 to 1861, he was Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. He took the title and the function of assistant professor ( the " faculty"). After his Rectorate (1861 /62) wanted to extend Dietl's tenure, the university administration; However, the Ministry of Culture in Vienna rejected this request. Without giving reasons prompted Franz Joseph I on June 14, 1865 Dietl's early release.

Dietl wrote 138 publications and books and founded the periodical Przegląd Lekarski (Journal for the doctor ).

Policy

Dietl advocated Polish nationalism and the reform of the educational system. As a parliamentarian, he advocated the abolition of German as a language of instruction, to build more schools and teachers to ensure a better livelihood. The social significance of the woman he was aware of and engaged with great vigor for a reasonable education and comprehensive training of girls and young women. He promoted the opening of a girls school in Krakow and the participation of farmers in politics. As Galicia had gained autonomy in 1866, chose the Krakow City Council the landowners Dietl mayor. He wanted to give the old capital, the former seat of Polish kings, the proper place.

"Our illustrious past is past, our present is depressing; but the future belongs to us if we use it when we are working adamantly for it, with intellect and stamina. "

In his eight years in office Dietl brought hygiene, physical infrastructure, fire protection, municipal finances and the education of the dilapidated town in order. He drove the development of green spaces ahead, caused a transformation of the city council and improved the terms and conditions of the merchants.

From 1861 he was a delegate to the National Council ( Austria ) and a deputy in the Galician parliament.

Dietl 1869 organized the First Congress of Scientists and Physicians in Krakow. In the same year he prepared Franz Joseph a brilliant reception; because the city was deeply grateful to the Emperor that he had the schools and the civil service returned the Polish language. The Emperor rewarded the gesture by he called Dietl for life in the mansion ( Austria ). As in 1871 shook the government of Karl Sigmund von Hohenwart, Dietl campaigned in the manor house for the preservation of federalism in the Habsburg monarchy. Located in Kraków City Council envious enemies and remained not out. Since they hindered his work more and more, Dietl resigned in June 1874 as mayor. He laid down the mandate and gave to all public activities.

Retirement

Dietl had gotten married in the 5th decade of life. His wife, a young and attractive Wienerin from poor home, did not speak Polish. They " knew " with her husband is not well and did not feel comfortable in Krakow. After a few childless years of marriage, she moved back to Vienna. Dietl suffered in the last years of increasingly short of breath and rheumatic complaints. Occasionally he visited his native village in Tarnów Rzuchowa. There 's nephew Leopold Dietl managed the estate, the Dietl himself had built. When he died shortly before his 74th birthday, the funeral turned into a patriotic event. The city of Krakow was the cost of his magnificent funeral. One of Kraków's boulevards named after Dietl. Ulica Józefa Dietla was 1878-1880 in place of the Old Vistula. Dietl had invested heavily in their backfilling; but it was not realized until after his time as mayor.

Medical Historical importance

With government support Dietl toured from 1846, many countries in Europe and overseas, in order to familiarize themselves with the organization and the treatment methods of the hospitals. About his perceptions, he reported 1850-1853 in detail in the Journal of the kk Society of Physicians in Vienna. His Critical representation of European hospitals (1853 ) was the first significant German publication for hospital hygiene.

In a work published in 1849 turned Dietl ( successfully ) against the treatment of bloodletting in pneumonia. She made a splash in 1852 and translated into the Polish language. As a high school teacher, he was committed to the introduction of the Polish language as a university language in addition to German. He succeeded to eliminate the age-old and deeply rooted superstition to the Weichselzopf. For the Poles, this success was " invaluable " for the medical history no less significant than the advocacy against the bloodletting in pneumonia patients.

Important in scientific and social terms are Dietl studies on spas in Silesia and Galicia. They stimulated the balneotherapy and climate therapy. Dietl visited 1854-1858, almost all European spas and reported on the spring water of Galicia, Silesia, Bohemia and Salzburg. As he published many articles on spas in Polish and German from 1855, he brought the dilapidated spa towns in Lesser Poland to life. Krynica -Zdrój, Szczawina, Iwonicz- Zdrój, Rabka were balneotherapy centers in the country.

In urology Dietl was known for his work on the floating kidney.

Order

• Franz -Joseph- Orden ( as a professor )
• Order of the Iron Crown ( as mayor )
• Gregoriusorden ( by Pius IX. To receive the nuncio in Krakow )

Works

• Anatomical Hospital of Brain Diseases. Vienna 1846. Google Books
• Anatomical Clinic of brain diseases, in addition to its in the Journal of the KK society of physicians in Vienna erschieuenem essay on diseases of the head. Vienna 1849. Google Books
• The bloodletting in pneumonia, clinically and physiologically discussed. Vienna 1849. Google Books
• Critical representation of European hospitals, according to their own travel observations. Vienna 1853. Google Books