Julius Vogel

Sir Julius Vogel, KCMG ( born February 24, 1835 in London, † March 12, 1899 in East Molesey, Surrey ) was the eighth Prime Minister of New Zealand. He had served two terms; the first time on April 8, 1873 to July 6, 1875 for the second time on 15 February 1876 to September 1, 1876. Vogel is currently the only Prime Minister of New Zealand, who was a practicing Jew. He also founded the oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country and was the first New Zealander who wrote a science fiction novel.

Life

Australia

Julius Vogel, whose father came from the Netherlands, the University College School in Hampstead visited. At age 16, he was an orphan and was hired by his grandfather, a merchant in the City of London. He also studied chemistry and metallurgy at the Royal School of Mines (now part of Imperial College). He wanted to profit from the gold rush in Australia and emigrated there from the end of 1852.

In Melbourne, he worked as a metal tester with a partner. Later they sold in various mining towns in Victoria alcohol and medicine at the prospectors. After mid- 1856 his partner was moved back to England, Vogel tried as a journalist. Until 1859 he was editor in chief of the Maryborough and Dunolly Advertiser, the most important newspaper in the gold mining region, then the Inglewood Advertiser. In August 1861 bird ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the Legislative Assembly, the lower house of the colony. In Victoria Since that time, there was a recession, he decided in October of the same year to move to Dunedin on the South Island of New Zealand, where shortly before the Otago gold rush had begun.

New Zealand

Only a few weeks after his arrival in New Zealand founded bird own newspaper. The first edition of the Otago Daily Times, the first and oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, was first published on 15 November 1861. Julius Vogel was active in local politics and was elected in June 1863 in the Provincial Council of Otago. In September 1863, he successfully ran for a seat in the New Zealand House of Commons. In November 1866 Bird became chairman of the executive branch of Otago and also took over the Office of the Provincial Treasurer. On March 19, 1867 he married Mary Clayton; from the marriage were born three sons and one daughter. In April Vogel resigned his seat in the provincial legislature and moved to the North Island to Auckland shortly thereafter.

As of June 1869 Julius Vogel was a member of the government of William Fox. As finance minister, he pursued ambitious plans for economic development in New Zealand. Tens of thousands of new settlers poured into the country, the infrastructure was expanded significantly, and the economy experienced an unprecedented boom. The government won the elections of 1871 easily. But as Prime Minister Bird Fox urged more and more into the background, the government appeared leaderless outwardly and was overthrown in September 1872.

But only six months later, Bird was back in the government, this time even as Prime Minister. Even as Finance Minister, he was several times traveled to London to secure the financing of his bold projects, and as Prime Minister he was often out of the country. In 1874, he sat by the resolution of the provincial governments as they impeded his opinion, the development of the country. Bird's frequent absences meant that he had to relinquish the post of Prime Minister in July 1875, but he still remained a member of the Cabinet. From February to September 1876 he was again head of government.

From 1876 to 1880 was bird diplomatic representative of New Zealand in the UK and traveled in this capacity often back and forth (where he also had his private financial activities outside of the eyes). The British Conservative Party nominated bird for the general election in 1880, but he was defeated in the constituency Falmouth. In 1884 he returned to New Zealand and was again elected to parliament. In Robert Stout's government, he was once again finance minister. In the country there was a recession, and bird tried in vain to bring the economy back on track; his fortune, which was mainly based on risky investments, melted away. In the elections of 1887, the government was voted out, and in 1888 returned to New Zealand bird finally back. He settled in the small village of East Molesey in Surrey down and wrote articles for many British newspapers. Bird suffered increasingly from gout and was confined to a wheelchair. In 1899 he died at the age of 64 years.

Literary work

Bird is known to be the first New Zealander who has written a science fiction novel. The book Anno Domini 2000 - A Woman's Destiny was released in 1889, it describes a utopian world in which women have achieved full equality and are frequently encountered in high places..

Its then very radical vision of acting proved to be surprisingly accurate: New Zealand was the first country in which women's suffrage was introduced. At the beginning of the 21st century were the highest state offices occupied by women (Head of State, Governor-General, Prime Minister, Speaker of Parliament, Chairman of the Supreme Court ), and a woman, Theresa genus, was CEO of the largest company, Telecom New Zealand.

Named after Julius Vogel is the New Zealand science fiction literary award, the Sir Julius Vogel Award.

Expenditure

• Anno Domini 2000 - A Woman's Destiny. Longman, Auckland 1889
• Anno Domini 2000 - A Woman's Destiny. Exisle, Auckland 2001, ISBN 0-908988-16-8
• Anno Domini 2000 - A Woman's Destiny. University of Hawaii Pres, Honolulu 2002, ISBN 0-8248-2501-2