Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Polskie Królestwo, Latin Regnum Poloniae ) was the name of the Polish state in the years 1000-1795. Either It began in 1000 with the registrar of the Polish duke Bolesław I. survey for " brother and helper of the Roman Empire " by Emperor Otto III. or by self- coronation Bolesław I in 1025 as king of Poland shortly before his death. The later Polish- Lithuanian kingdom extended ended in 1795 with the Third Partition of Poland and forced by Prussia, Austria and Russia abdication of King Stanisław August Poniatowski.
- 7.1 Literature
- 7.2 See also
- 7.3 footnotes
Hereditary monarchy
After the fragmentation of the Kingdom into separate duchies (1138) did not occur until 1295 with Przemysław II again for the coronation of a king. However, already developed on the background of the concept of Corona Regni Poloniae soon a dualism of King and stalls especially the Polish aristocracy.
Important is the 1386 capital alliance with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as a result of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Jogaila as Władysław II Jagiello ascended the throne, founding the dynasty of the Jagiellonian in Poland.
The kingdom was ruled in the years 1000-1572 through the following dynasties, who claimed rulers ( kings ) of Poland to be:
Elective monarchy
After the Union of Lublin ( 1569 ), the personal union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was transformed into a real union. The aristocracy of both states, the szlachta sat, after the extinction of the Jagiellonian in the male line (1572 ) the right of Free Choice of the King and Great Furst by. Since then stood at the head of the state, the so-called I. Rzeczpospolita, in a " Presidency" lifetime a choice king or Option Grand Duke in Real Union. This dual state, also called Poland - Lithuania, existed until 1791, the year the May Constitution, which abolished the duality between the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Both parts of the empire merged with the entry into force of the May Constitution of Poland Rzeczpospolita unitary state.
The Rzeczpospolita Poland went after the failed Kościuszko Uprising under the Third Partition of Poland ( 1795).
Dynasties
The Aristocratic Republic of Poland - Lithuania was ruled in the years 1573-1795 through the following dynasties:
Congress Poland
After the demise of the Rzeczpospolita 1795 fell the countries of the Polish-Lithuanian crown at the Empire Russia, Austria and the Kingdom of Prussia. After the Congress of Vienna (1815 ) the so-called Congress Poland was established, a formally independent " Kingdom of Poland " on the basis of a Constitutional Monarchy, which should be connected only through a personal union with the Russian Empire. The agreements were disregarded by the autocratic regime in Saint Petersburg in the years after the Congress consistently and insidiously curtailed. The agreed sovereignty rights were not fully granted to Poland. After the failed November Uprising (1830-1831) the existing Polish administration was liquidated in violation of the Vienna Convention Act after 1832 " Organic Statute " by and the area incorporated as a de facto province Weichselland the Russian Empire administratively directly.
Regency Kingdom of Poland
During the First World War in 1916, a regency Kingdom of Poland was proclaimed by the Central Powers. This was rather an anti- Russia measure as a recognition of the right of Poles to statehood. This kingdom existed formally until 1918.
Kings
Wenceslas, King of Bohemia and Poland, led from the 1290ern the short Bohemian episode in Poland ( King Wenceslas illustrated with Czech and Polish crown in the Chronicon Aulae Regiae 14th century).
Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, founded with the takeover of Polish king Władysław II Jagiello dignity as the long connecting Poland to Lithuania ( portrait from the 15th century).
The first freely elected king in 1573 ( "President ") of the Aristocratic Republic of Poland - Lithuania: the French Crown Prince Heinrich of Capet -Valois. He left Poland without having abdicated formally to take over the kingship of France. Since he had a date for his return to elapse, he was deprived explained by the estates of the Crown ( portrait from the 16th century).
The Last King of Poland and the Aristocratic Republic: Stanisław August Poniatowski. He thanked from 1795 to pressure the three partitioning powers, Prussia, Austria and Russia as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. ( Portrait from the 18th century).
Kingdom
The Kingdom of Poland (referred to as R. Poloniae ) south of the Duchy of Pomerania (referred to as D. Pomeraniæ ) and southwest of Prussia ( called Pruzzia ) on a map westslawischer nations and empires (yellow border) to 1125th Prussia was not a Slavic country.
The Kingdom of Poland under King Wenceslas (I.) Red: direct rule as Sovereign ( represented by " Capitanei "). Blue: Piast part gentlemen who accepted his suzerainty. Grey, Green and Violet: Piast part dominions, which it is not yet recognized as suzerain 1301 and King of Poland.
The Kingdom of Poland in the 15th century under the reign of the Jagiellonian who also dominated the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the King of Bohemia, Croatia and Hungary.
The Aristocratic Republic of Poland - Lithuania around 1619, including its dependent territories: the duchies of Prussia, Courland and Livonia.
The Aristocratic Republic of Poland - Lithuania in the 18th century ( English map )