Lactarius subumbonatus
Olivbrauner Bug Milchling ( Lactarius subumbonatus )
The olive-brown Bug Milchling ( Lactarius subumbonatus ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). It is a small to medium-sized Milchling with a strong aromatic odor and unpleasant to an aqueous- white milk. The hat is purple-brown, chestnut brown to dark brown. Makrozystidien missing. It is perhaps the most common type from the " Lactarius serifluus " complex. The Milchling often grows on moist soils under oaks. It is often also called as conspecific by some authors as viewed Lactarius serifluus, Watery Milchling.
- 4.1 Infra Generic Systematics
- 6.1 Translation of the original diagnosis
- 6.2 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
Dünnfleischige the hat is 2 to 8.5 cm wide, low convex, then spread out flat and is depressed in the center and finally absorbed often more or less funnel-shaped. The Hutmitte often carries a small hump. The finish is dry and smooth and soon more or less radially wrinkled, especially around the center. Particularly old specimens are often highly folded - wrinkled and deeply notched at the edge to edge. The hat is purple-brown to reddish- brown or dark - colored bricks. At the age it can also fade out something in the edge notches he is sometimes brownish- red and hygrophanous. The fruit body dry gray - ocher to a cinnamon brown.
The medium- wide to wide slats are grown widely or easily run down the stem. You are urged to rather distant and are not bifurcated.
The cylindrical or tapered down stem is 2.5-5 cm long and 0.3-1.3 cm wide. The surface is dry, smooth and sometimes more at the top or less flaky. The stem is first dyed pale reddish wine and discolors the age cinnamon brown to beige or orange brown, especially towards the base.
The medium firm flesh is in the stem hollow and white to flesh- colored ocher, in the stem bark and at the base it is also darker. It tastes mild, like hazelnut, but soon more or less disgusting and sometimes a bit sharp. It smells very strong and sweet much like the oak Milchling after leaf bugs. The milk is watery and white and also a mild taste. The spore powder is cream colored.
Microscopic characteristics
The roundish to broadly elliptical spores are on average 7.2 to 7.7 microns long and 6.3 to 7.0 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.0-1.25. The spores ornament is between 0.7 and 1.2 microns high and consists of elongated warts and ridges that form a coarse, more or less complete network with each other. Isolated warts typically occur in the interior of meshes. The Hilarfleck is quite small and indistinct and more or less inamyloid.
The 4- sporigen, sometimes only 2- sporigen basidia are 35-60 microns long and 8.5-11.5 microns wide and usually quite clavate. Pleuromakrozystiden missing. The blades cutting are heterogeneous or sterile. In addition to the basidia cylindrical to club-shaped Parazystiden occur, the 15-40 microns long and 6.5-12 (16) microns wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a Hyphoepithelium. The cells in the Subpellis are 7.5-25 microns wide, extended to more or less rounded or angular and rounded. The hyphae are 3.5-10 microns wide, mostly cylindrical and form a conspicuous layer over the Subpellis. This is pressed but often more or less, and only forms an amorphous layer.
Artabgrenzung
The olive-brown Bug Milchling reminiscent of the similar, but lively colored Aqueous Milchling (L. serifluus ), which occurs almost in the same habitat. From this it differs by the dark brown to rußbraune, almost brown black hat color that clearly wrinkled wrinkled and granular hat skin and the less pronounced odor, which is somewhat reminiscent of leaf bugs, roasted chicory and licorice. Under the microscope, the two species are very similar, but has the spore ornament at the olive-brown Bug Milchling more standing isolated warts and the Parazystidien are longer. The other species of the section as the Atlantic Milchling (L. atlanticus ), the Wrinkled dwarf Milchling (L. Cremor ) and the camphor - Milchling (L. camphoratus ) have a different color or a different habitat or even have real Makrozystiden.
Ecology and distribution
Within the natural oak distribution area of Milchling is pretty common. Probably the type is more often than the similar aqueous Milchling, but is often not distinguished therefrom.
The Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that often enters into a symbiotic partnership with oak, other deciduous trees can but probably also serve as a host. In the Mediterranean it is also eaten at Rockrose (Cistus salviifolius ) and strawberry trees (Arbutus unedo ). The fruiting bodies of the dairy compact bloom from June to October. It grows like on clay soils, especially in open areas such as forest clearings and along forest paths.
System
" Lactarius subumbonatus, pileo fragili ruguloso vegeto joveque pluvio demum glabriusculo Tenui convexo demum undulators - repando disco carnoso demum depresso ( acute ) umbonulato umbrino - fusco, stipite deorsum attenuato downed ochraceo farcto subcavo extus (sub lente ) tomentoso deorsum ochraceo - pallido sursum cervino - fuligineo, lamellis decurrentibus distantibus angustis vitellinis, Lacte miti dilute albo. In prato Kringelängen in paroec. Rackeby Extra Lidköping, Jr., Jul., August et Sept. 1844 et 1845, quam copiosissime. Odor fungi vegeti fere sebaceous, ut Lactar. serifluus, fungi exsiccati contrario peculiaris forte Exactis Porcorum, sed, sit quantillum, ad Glycyrrhizam trahens. Etiam de Ligustico Levistico memorate. Pileus demum ex tenuitate Marginis rugoso - striatus immo plicato - repandus. Umbo interdum in umbilico demum evanescit. Stipes plerumque adscendens Rarius subaequalis. Lamellae demum pruinosae. In Trib. III. Russulares *** Fr Epicr. post Lactarium obscuratum inserandus. "
The Milchling was collected by Lindgren in the years 1844 and 1845 at Rackeby in Västergötland and 1845 described by him scientifically. According to Basso and Heilmann -Clausen type synonym for Lactarius cimicarius within the meaning of Quélet (1888), Lange ( 1940), Lundell & Nannfeldt (1956 ), Kuhner & Romagnesi (1953) and synonym of L. serifluus in the sense of Ricken ( 1915), Neuhoff (1956) and Moser (1983) and other authors.
The current conception of this kind is essentially based on receipts investigations. Bon tried to bring " some order " in the Serifluus complex. In his investigation Bon came across the long forgotten name L. subumbonatus whose original description largely coincided with his interpretation of the taxon. Also Heilmann -Clausen and after him M. Basso follow his interpretation and separate the two species L. serifluus and L. subumbonatus.
In de Candolle's original description (1815 ) and in the sanctioning diagnosis by Fries ( 1821) Agaricus serifluus is described as a type that has a vivid yellow-brown colored ( brunneo - fulvus ) hat, which is in marked contrast to the type described here. Therefore, the taxon L. serifluus is interpreted as today, as it has done already Lange ( 1940).
Other authors have the epithet " cimicarius " used for the taxon described here. However one looks at Batschs diagnosis and the specified Iconotypen of Agaricus cimicarius on, it can be seen that it is also this is a lively colored species. The hat is called " ferrugineo - fulvus " So rostfarben described to reddish brown, and the fins will be quite dark brown reddish- ocher ( " fulvello - ochraceae " ) referred to as ( the camphor - Milchling ) is typical for L. camphoratus. Therefore, Heilmann -Clausen concludes the Agaricus cimicarius a synonym of L. camphoratus is, as it did already Fries ( 1821).
Infra Generic Systematics
The olive-brown Bug Milchling is provided by Bon, Heilmann -Clausen and Basso in the section Olentes, which is itself within the subgenus Russularia. The section contains dünnfleischige Milkcaps with a matte, uneven brim hat skin and ungerieftem. The milk is more or less watery and the smell striking and strong.
Importance
Applies at least in central Europe as inedible.