Lilium debile

Lilium debile

Lilium debile is a plant of the genus Lilium (Lilium ) in the section Martagon. The range of the species extends over Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. It was first collected in 1828 by Heinrich von Kittlitz in Kamchatka. He described it in 1858 as its own the Turk's cap similar to Art

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Features

Lilium debile is a perennial, herbaceous plant. It reaches heights of growth between 40 and 80 centimeters. The shoot axis is erect, slender than other lilies and hairless. The color changes from green at the base to a dull yellow- brown in the upper part.

Onion

The bulb consists of twenty to thirty overlapping scales and is not protected by an additional outer skin. It reaches a diameter of between 2.5 and 4.5 centimeters. The shape is compressed and rhizomähnlich, it is dotted with pores and tends to disintegrate. The scales are white and schmallanzettlich. They are divided into two or three segments.

The roots are adventitious roots, few of which arise directly from the stem axis.

The leaf position is lively, most are five to twenty leaves in one or rarely two to three whorls. The lowest whorl is always higher than the middle of the stem, that is, the lower half is leafless stems. The schmallanzettlich shaped leaves are about 0.8 to three inches wide and eight to 13 inches long.

Flowers and Fruit

The plant flowers from July to August, the rispenförmige inflorescence consists of one to seven stalked flowers. The flower stems are between 2.5 and eight inches long. The perianth is turban -shaped and reaches a diameter between 3 and 4.5 inches. The flowers are hermaphroditic and threes, the six bracts ( tepals ) are alike and strongly recurved ( Turk's cap form). The color of flowers is shining brownish- orange - red, with or without dark speckles, towards the end of the blooming period of the tip changes color to white out. The tepals are lanceolate and keeled, inside they are fleshy. They are between three and 3.5 inches long and wide between one to 1.3 inches.

Each flower bears six stamens. The anthers ( anthers ) and pollen are bright orange. The stamp consists of three fused carpels. The ovary is upper constant and only slightly shorter than the stylus.

The nectaries have a slit-like opening. The edges are smooth or covered with papillae.

After flowering form ovoid fruit capsules. The seeds germinate delayed hypogeous (underground germination ).

Dissemination

Lilium debile is used in a relatively large area, which extends over Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. They inhabited altitudes to one thousand meters. A north -south orientation of the range is clearly visible. On islands, the species is more common than on the mainland.

Sites are often found in pine forests in Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis ), or in larch forests, from the Dahurischen larch (Larix gmelinii ). But there are also inhabits mixed woodland, there is Erman's birch (Betula ermanii ) or the dwarf birch (Betula nana ) is preferred as a neighbor. Other sites are edges and slopes of low hills and moist spots in the shade or partial shade.

Endangering

The species is considered endangered and is listed in the Red Data Book of Russia. Although the existence of the species is due to the inaccessible and inhospitable area of ​​distribution as safe, many stocks of Lilium are debilitated by forestry exploitation of the region, new mines and oil and gas production in the region in acute danger.

Botanical history

Lilium debile was first collected in 1828 by Heinrich von Kittlitz in Kamchatka. He described it in 1858 as its own the Turk's cap lily (Lilium martagon ) similar type and renamed it with the epithet debile from the Latin debilis ( = weak, frail ) to the sleek and flexible stems. The first description is very inaccurate and contains two drawings hardly feature descriptions.

1865, the type of Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer and Karl Johann Maximowicz was again as Lilium avenaceum fish. ex Maxim. described. However, the authors summarized here three species of lilies with lively leaf position, debile Lilium, Lilium Lilium distichum and medeoloides together to one species. Valid but is the name of the first description - Lilium debile.

Many subsequent authors have Lilium debile as synonymous with Lilium medeoloides treated Czerepanov acknowledges, however the way followed by the "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Use

Kittlitz reported that the bulb scales of the type a " tasty and give an apparently very nutritious vegetables [that] but nowhere are so tight and flour rich, as the rounded the so-called black Sarannah [( Fritillaria camschatcensis ) ] ". The trivial name Саранка Saranka, Sarana or Sarannah, the Kittlitz is mentioned, in the Russian martagon for Lilium and Fritillaria used above. A porridge made ​​of the Lily or Fritillaria bulbs under the name Овсянка Owsjanka known (incorrectly Ofsjanka in Kittlitz ).