Lilium longiflorum
Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum )
The Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum ), after its former main growing area also Bermuda lily, is a species in the genus of lilies ( Lilium) in the section Leucolirion. The Easter lily is the only type of lily, which is of major economic importance.
Description
The Easter lily is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches the stature heights between 45 and 100 centimeters. The 2.5 to 5 centimeters in size, round or approximately round onion has white scales. The rough stem is green and overrun slightly red at the base. The distributed stationary, linealischen to oblong - lanceolate and glabrous on both sides leaves are 8 to 15 inches long and 1 to 1.8 inches wide.
From May to July, the plants produce one to three trumpet-shaped, horizontal to slightly nodding, extremely highly scented flowers up to 3 inches long pedicles. The bracts are lanceolate to ovate - lanceolate, about 8 inches long and 1 to 1.4 inches wide. The flower is up to 19 inches long and pure white, tinged only on the outside of the approach towards green. The reversed - lanceolate bracts of the outer petal circle are 13 to 18 centimeters long and 2.5 to 4 centimeters wide, the inner slightly wider, the nectar gutters are not papillose. The stamens are hairless and 8 to 15 inches long, the anthers purple or yellow and 5-8 millimeters long. The stylus reaches a length of 6 to 7 centimeters, the ovary is cylindrical and 4 to 4.5 inches long. The capsule fruit ripens from August to September, the seed germinates instant- epigeal.
The genome heard how the other lilies with about 9.1010 base pairs of the largest known genomes at all.
Dissemination
The Easter lily is native to the Japanese Ryukyu islands between Kyushu and Okinawa, where it is known as " Teppouyuri " (テッポウユリ) is known, as well as in the far north of Taiwan, but the Taiwanese occurrence may be due to procrastination by humans.
The stocks can be found adjacent to the coast and along cliffs, rarely further inland on calcareous rocky soils in Taiwan at altitudes between 0 and 500 meters.
System
The Easter lily was first described in 1794 by Carl Peter Thunberg. Since then, numerous subspecies, varieties and forms have been described, of which now only one is recognized, namely the variety:
- Lilium longiflorum var scabrum: leaves linear, 20 to 25 centimeters long and 0.8 to 1.2 centimeters wide, endemic to Taiwan
The closest relatives of the Easter lily is Lilium formosanum, the same clade also includes Lilium Lilium wallichianum and philippinense, sister species is Lilium brownii. Many of these species or their Untertaxa were sometimes made as a variety of Easter lily, so formosanum for example Lilium, Lilium Lilium brownii and neilgherrense wallichianum var var viridulum, but also Lilium leucanthum var chlorine aster. The relationships are shown in the following cladogram:
L. brownii
L. longiflorum
L. formosanum
L. philippinense
L. wallichianum
Importance
Floristry
The Easter lily is the most important cut flower lily style and is one of the all year round traded cut flowers.
Beginning of the 20th century, the Bermudas main growing area, but since the onions produced there were of poor quality, they have been exported since the 20s and 30s in large quantities from Japan to the United States. With the embargo of Japanese goods in the Second World War, the supply collapsed. After several attempts, the north-western United States ( California, Oregon) proved to be optimal growing area until today they are the Hauptangebiet North America. Of particular importance as cut flowers there " Ace" (until end of 1970 ) and " Nellie White" ( the currently most important varieties worldwide) were the varieties "Georgia" (successful in the 1960s ). Every year in the early 1990s were produced over 10 million plants here.
Until well into the 1980s, Japan was the main supplier of lilies in Europe, 1970-1985 30-40 Millionen bulbs of the Easter lily was here produced annually. With the increasing Marktvorherrschaft by Dutch producers in Europe, the market share of Japan went here back further and further, in 1992 only about 20 million bulbs per year were in the main growing area Kagoshima to around 180 hectares produced, mainly for the local cut flower market, more regions are Koochi and Fukuoka. 90 % of the onions belong to the 1944 from a natural population on the island of Yakushima selected cultivar " Hinomoto ", the remaining 10% are "Georgia ", " Okinosiratae " and " Erabunohikari ".
The European market now accounts for 90% of the Netherlands and 10% in Spain and Israel. The most important varieties are here, " Snow Queen " with over 40% market share, as well as "White Europe" and " Snow Cap ". Overall, 2001 was around 79.5 million stems were produced in the Netherlands.
The Easter lily is Lilium - next - formosanum a parent of economically important hybrid Lilium x formolongi.
Others
Since 1928 is generated in the Bermudas from the fragrance of the Easter lily an independent perfume, " Lili Bermuda ".
In plant physiology, the Easter lily is a commonly used model organism in pollen physiological investigations.