Lionel Jospin
Lionel Jospin [ ˌ ljɔ nɛl ʒɔspɛ ] ( born July 12, 1937 in Meudon, Seine- et- Oise, now Hauts -de -Seine ) is a French politician of the Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste français). It was during the third cohabitation 1997-2002 Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic under President Jacques Chirac.
Personal
Jospin, was born on July 12, 1937 as the second of four children in Meudon, a southwestern suburb of Paris. He comes from a Protestant family with radical left-wing orientation. His father Robert Jospin, a professor of philosophy and later became head of a school for maladjusted youth, was an activist of the Socialist party SFIO ( Section Française de l' International ouvrière ), the predecessor party of the Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste ). His mother Mireille Dandieu (married Jospin ) was successively midwife, nurse and social worker.
Jospin has three children from two marriages.
Education and Career
From 1956 to 1959 he studied political science at the Institut d' études politiques de Paris. In 1961 he made the recording competition at the School of Administration ENA ( École Nationale d'Administration ), another Grande école. Immediately after receipt of communication from recording he completed military service, with training in Trier and at the Reserve Officers School in Saumur.
In 1963 he took up his studies at the ENA, born in Stendhal ( Stendhal Promotion ), which also includes Jean -Pierre Chevènement and Jacques Toubon belonged. His internship he performed at the Prefecture of Bourges, the internship in mining operations in the departments of Nord and Pas -de -Calais.
After the ENA 's degree Jospin was Legationsrat Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Department of Economic Affairs.
In October 1970, Jospin broke from his career as a diplomat and took leave from the State Department to become active in politics. He was formerly a professor of economics at the Université Paris XI and later director of the Institut Universitaire de there technology, a position which he held in 1981 until entry into the French parliament, the National Assembly ( Assemblée nationale ).
After the Congress of Epinay ( from 11 to 13 June 1971), he joined the Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste ).
In 1981, Jospin Chairman as successor to François Mitterrand ( Premier secrétaire ) of the Socialist Party. From 1984 to 1988 he was an elected deputy to the European Parliament.
1988 Jospin was Minister of Education. He reformed teacher training and designed the new higher education landscape. The protest of the high schools in 1990 weakened him, however. His rivalry with Laurent Fabius, who had tightened at the party congress in 1990 in Rennes, divided the socialist party. Jospin turned away from Mitterrand and the government had to leave in 1992. After his defeat in the parliamentary elections in 1993, he resigned from all positions within the party and thought about withdrawing from politics after, especially by demanded a post as ambassador, whereas, however, the then Foreign Minister Alain Juppe presented.
In 1995, he also returned after the resignation of Jacques Delors and succeeded against the party chairman Henri Emmanuelli as presidential candidate of the Socialists. Although he was already being traded as a loser he made the surprise and sat down in the first round to the top before the rival Jacques Chirac and the RPR Édouard Balladur and reached the second round of an acceptable result ( 47.4 compared with 52.6 % for Jacques Chirac ). Jospin was chairman of the party so again and led the opposition. He allied himself with the Communist Party, the Greens, the left-wing radicals and the civil rights movement ( Mouvement des citoyens ) to create a pluralistic Left ( " Gauche plurielle " ) located in the parliamentary elections of 1997 after the dissolution of Parliament of 21 April 1997 permeated by the President Chirac.
Prime minister
With the appointment Jospin as prime minister by the companies belonging to the bourgeois camp President Jacques Chirac on 2 June 1997, the third so-called cohabitation began.
The Jospin regarded as rigid formed a government around a core of confidants as Dominique Strauss- Kahn, Claude Allègre and Martine Aubry. Aubry, it was her who cashed the most important election promises of the Socialists with the 35- hour week. Although Jospin enjoyed high reputation, he had to separate from the hard core of his government; Claude Allègre was under pressure from the education unions at the Ministry of Education, Strauss- Kahn was a study in a legal scandal resigns before. During the massive reshuffle in 2000, Jospin finally caught but the so-called elephant of the Socialist Party in the government, his rival Laurent Fabius as Minister of Economics and Jack Lang as Minister of Education.
The end of the term followed from the failure Jospin any new attempt to the presidency. On April 21, 2002 Jospin had a candidate again for president, while maintaining the first ballot behind the incumbent Jacques Chirac (19.9%) and Jean -Marie Le Pen ( 17.9%) with 16.2 percent of the vote, only the achieved third place. There were several candidates from the left bearing the same and therefore no one could adequately combine votes in the first ballot on it, it was the first time no socialists in the runoff. There were significant protests against the extreme-right candidate Le Pen so that Jacques Chirac was eventually re-elected by an overwhelming majority into office. Jospin subsequently went back down as prime minister and announced his retirement from active politics known.
After 2002
Although he had announced his exit from politics after the failure in the presidential election, Jospin intervened yet again in the political debate within and outside the Socialist Party of one. For the first time in three years since his retirement, he accepted the invitation of the station France 2 about the shipment Question ouverte on 28 April 2005, in order to justify his yes to the referendum on the European Constitution.
2005, his book The World as I see them (Le monde comme je le vois ), which contains a polemical statement with the critics of the European Constitution and sparked speculation of a new candidate. On 26 November 2005 Jospin limited on Radio Europe 1, a, however, he would be and he had finally retired from active politics in April 2002 with a view to the presidential candidate not for candidacy ( candidat à la candidature ) within the Parti Socialiste. On several occasions, but he hinted that he would be ready when the Socialists would ask him.
August 26, 2006 Jospin came back to speak, but expresses still not on a possible candidacy. On September 4, he said, to be able to fulfill the task of the heads of state, but on 28 September he repeated, not wanting to be a candidate for the nomination.
Before occurred on 16 November 2006 nomination of Ségolène Royal ( Regional Council President of Poitou -Charentes ) for Präsidentschaftskanditatin the Socialist Party, he refused her the support. Then he revised his position in his personal weblog.
Others
- Jospin played himself in the film The Names of Love, a French film directed by Michel Leclerc from 2010
- In his 2014 book " Le mal Napoléonien " ( The Napoleonic evil) he criticizes the " Golden Legend " by Napoleon Bonaparte, which determine its image today with his compatriots. In reality, this has created a totalitarian regime with censorship and propaganda in the modern sense. Moreover, his campaigns in Europe would have had only negative consequences for France. They had poisoned the relationship between the French and the other nations for generations.