List of Irish monarchs

The list of rulers of Ireland includes the rulers and monarchs who offered since the beginning of the Middle Ages on the island of Ireland until the Act of Union of 1800, by which the personal union between the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain by a real union with the name " United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland "has been replaced.

The Irish Hochkönigtum

The early medieval Ireland was marked by several rivaling clans, which held the rule in several small kingdoms. The dominant clan belonged to the dynasty Uí Néill Association ( O'Neill ), who derived their origin from the semi-legendary Irish High King Niall Noígíallach ( " Niall with the nine hostages "). These were the Cenél Conaill, Cenél nÉndae, Cenél nEógain, Cenél Coirpri, Cenél Lóegaire, Clann Cholmáin, SIL nÁedo Sláine and Cenél Fiachach. In addition there existed other clans that fought for control of the small kingdoms Ailech, Mide, Connacht, Munster, Ulster and Leinster.

The first historically tangible High Kings ( Irish: Rí na hÉireann Árd ), however, occurred only in the 9th century. These were usually kings of the small kingdoms that have obtained a dominant position over the other petty kings or which recognition has been met with as high kings. In fact, however, could establish a supremacy on the island, none of the high kings ever, as such strivings were the petty kings.

The English rule in Ireland

In 1169 took over with Richard " Strongbow " de Clare, the first Anglo-Norman rule on Irish soil by bringing the Kingdom of Leinster itself. Already in 1172, the English King Henry II landed short coat on the island and subjugated the eastern part of the direct British rule. After John Lackland had ascended the English throne in 1199, the Irish government (: na hÉireann Tiarnas closely: Irish Lordship of Ireland ) was associated with the English crown. The English kings were henceforth endeavor to subdue the island permanently, by established British administration structures and land awarded to British settlers and nobles ( Hiberno - Normans ). Contrast, was formed around the regularity of the resistance of the native Irish people, led by their Clanns, so that the English, the entire Middle Ages in fact never could perceive the rule over the island over. Irish clan lords held their own in many parts of the island.

House of Plantagenet ( Angevin dynasty )

House of Lancaster

House of York

House of Lancaster

House of York

House of Tudor

The Kingdom of Ireland

Only at the beginning of the modern age under the House of Tudor The English came to Ireland systematically and sustainably to subdue. Through the Crown of Ireland Act adopted by the Irish Parliament in 1541, the English rule was in a kingdom (eng: Kingdom of Ireland ) is defined, which stood in a personal union with the English monarchy. Under the reign of Queen Elizabeth I coveted the Irish in the nine-year war (1594-1603) unsuccessfully against England. By funded by England Protestantism, the contrasts of the krona against the Catholicism appended Irish population intensified. But the could not use for obtaining their own freedom and the overthrow of the English monarchy in 1649, after the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell, the English Protestant rule cemented in a bloody campaign in Ireland. This was repeated in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution in the campaigns of William III. of Orange, after which decreased the Irish independence movement.

As the sovereign of the Kingdom was rarely personally present in Ireland he was represented by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, who had emerged from the post of Justiciars.

House of Tudor

House of Stuart

Ireland in the Commonwealth of England

House of Stuart

House of Hanover ( Guelph )

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland / Northern Ireland

For the kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland / Northern Ireland (1801/1927 to date) see: List of British monarchs.

Until the separation of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom in 1921, the monarch in Ireland was further represented by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Northern Ireland remained in the British government in 1921, which is why since 1927 the official name "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland " leads. The monarch was represented in Northern Ireland until 1972 by the Governor of Northern Ireland, whose duties were entrusted to the newly created Office of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland afterwards.

The independent Ireland ( Éire )

Only through the separation of the Irish Free State (Irish Saorstát Éireann, Eng. Irish Free State ) in 1921 became Ireland, with the exception of six of the nine counties of Ulster (Northern Ireland), its independence with the British king as his sovereign. This was represented until 1937 by the Governor - General of the Irish Free State. Which came into force in 1937 Constitution defined the state as a republic with the name "Ireland" ( Éire ), in which the duties of head of state were entrusted to a president. The foreign affairs of the Republic was but constitutionally continue with the British monarch as the head of the Commonwealth of Nations, to left Ireland in the on April 18, 1949 adopted Republic of Ireland Act of the Commonwealth and thus after some 780 years of foreign rule gained its full sovereignty.

For the President of Ireland (1937 to date) see: President of Ireland ( na hÉireann Uachtarán ).

Acts of Union 1800 Personalunion Battle of Clontarf Coat of arms of Ireland Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke Henry II of England Hiberno-Normans Angevin Empire Henry III of England Edward I of England Thomas de Clare, Lord of Thomond Thomond Edward Bruce Edward III of England Richard II of England Henry IV of England Henry V of England Henry VI of England Tudor dynasty Henry VII of England James VI and I Richard Cromwell James II of England Mary II of England Bill of Rights 1689 Act of Settlement 1701 War of the Spanish Succession Acts of Union 1707 Sophia of Hanover Constitution of Ireland Republic of Ireland Act 1948 List of Scottish monarchs
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