List of state leaders in 1868

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Africa

• Egypt: Khedive Ismail Pasha (1867-1879)

• Ethiopia Kaiser: Theodore II (1855-1868)
• Kaiser: Tekle Giyorgis II (1868-1871)

• Buganda: King, Mutesa I. (1856-1884)

• Bunyoro: King: Kyebambe IV (1852-1869)

• Burundi: King: Mwezi Gisabo IV (1852-1908)

• Dahomey: King: Glele (1856-1889)

• Liberia President: Daniel Bashiel Warner (1864-1868)
• President: James Spriggs Payne (1868-1870)

• Morocco: Sultan Sidi Mohammed IV (1859-1873)

• Rwanda: King: Kigeri IV (1853-1895)

• Sokoto Caliphate: Caliph Ahmad Rufa'i (1867-1873)

• Republic of South Africa President: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (1864-1871)

• Zulu: King Mpande ka Senzangakhona (1840-1872)

America

North America

• Canada Head of state: Queen Victoria (1867-1904)
• Governor General Viscount Charles Stanley Monck (1867-1869)
• Head of government: Prime Minister John A. Macdonald (1867-1873)

• Mexico Heads of State and Head of Government: President Benito Juárez (1861-1864, 1867-1872)

• United States of America Heads of State and Head of Government: President Andrew Johnson (1865-1869)

Central America

• Costa Rica Heads of State and Head of Government: President José María Castro Madriz (1847-1849, 1866-16. November 1868 )
• President Jesús Jiménez Zamora (1842-1844, 1846-1847, 1863-1866 November 16 1868 to 1870 )

• Dominican Republic Heads of State and Head of Government: President Buenaventura Baez (1849-1853, 1856-1858 May 1868-1873, 1876-1878)

• El Salvador Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Dueñas (1852-1854, 1863-1871)

• Guatemala Heads of state and head of government: President Vicente Cerna (1865-1871)

• Haiti Heads of State and Head of Government: President Sylvain Salnave (1867-1869)

• Honduras Heads of State and Head of Government: President José María Medina (1863-1872)

• Nicaragua Heads of state and head of government: President Fernando Guzmán (1867-1871)

South America

• Argentina Heads of State and Head of Government: President Bartolomé Mitre ( 1862-12. October 1868 )
• President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (12 October 1868-1874 )

• Bolivia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Mariano Melgarejo (1864-1871)

• Brazil Ruler: Emperor Peter II (1831-1889)

• Chile Heads of State and Head of Government: President José Joaquín Pérez (1861-1871)

• Ecuador Heads of State and Head of Government: (acting) Pedro José de Arteta ( 1867-20. January 1868 )
• President Juan Javier Espinosa (20 January 1868-1869 )

• Colombia Heads of State and Head of Government: President Santos Acosta ( 1867-1. April 1868 )
• President Santos Gutiérrez (April 1, 1868 to 1870 )

• Paraguay Heads of state and head of government: President Francisco Solano López (1862-1870)

• Peru (disputed ) Heads of State and Head of Government: President Mariano Ignacio Prado ( 1865-7. January 1868 )
• (acting) Pedro Diez Canseco ( 8 January to 2 August 1868)
• President José Balta (August 2, 1868 to 1872 )

• Uruguay Heads of State and Head of Government: (provisional) Venancio Flores ( 1865-15 February. , 1868 )
• (acting) Senate President Pedro Varela ( 15 February-1 March 1868)
• President Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (March 1, 1868-1872 )

• Venezuela Heads of State and Head of Government: President Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (1863-1868)
• President Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual (1868 )
• President Guillermo Tell Villegas (1868 )
• President José Ruperto Monagas (1868-1870)

Asia

• Abu Dhabi: Emir: Zayed I. (1855-1909)

• Ajman: Sheikh: Humaid I. (1848-1872)

• Afghanistan Amir Shir Ali Khan (1867-1879)

• Bahrain: Emir Muhammad ibn Khalifa Al- Khalifa (1842-1868)
• Emir Ali ibn Khalifa Al- Khalifa (1868-1869)

• China ( Qing Dynasty ): Kaiser: Tongzhi (1861-1874)

• Republic of Ezo President: Enomoto Takeaki (1868-1869)

• British India Viceroy John Lawrence (1864-1869)

• Japan: Kaiser: Mutsuhito (1867-1912)
• Shogun: ( Tokugawa ): Tokugawa Yoshinobu ( 1867-1868 )

• Korea: King Gojong (1864-1897)

• Kuwait: Emir Abdullah II (1866-1892)

• Oman: Sultan Salim bin Thuwaini (1866-1868)
• Sultan: Azzan bin Qais (1868-1871)

• Persia ( Qajar dynasty ) Shah: Naser ad -Din Shah (1848-1896)

• Thailand King Mongkut, King of Thailand (1851-1868)
• King: Chulalongkorn, King of Thailand (1868-1910)

Australasia

• Hawaii King Kamehameha V ​​(1863-1872)

Europe

• Andorra Co - Prince: Emperor of France: Napoleon III. (1848-1870)
• Bishop of Urgell: Josep Caixal i Estradé (1851-1879)

• Baden Grand Duke Friedrich I. (1852-1907)

• Bavaria King: Ludwig II (1864-1886)

• Belgium King Leopold II (1865-1909)

• Denmark King Christian IX. (1863-1906)
• Prime Minister: Christian Emil Krag - Juel - Vind - Frijs (1865-1870)

• France Emperor Napoleon III. (1851-1870)

• Greece King: George I (1863-1913)

• Italy King, Victor Emmanuel II (1861-1878)

• Monaco Prince Charles III. (1856-1889)

• Montenegro ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Nikola I. Petrović Njegoš (1860-1918) ( from 1910 king)

• Neutral Moresnet King Leopold II (1865-1909)
• King: William I (1861-1888)
• Mayor: Joseph Kohl (1859-1882)

• Netherlands King Wilhelm III. (1849-1890)

• North German Confederation Prussia: King: William I (1861-1888)

• King: John I (1854-1873)

• Grand Duke Ludwig III. (1848-1877)

• Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II (1842-1883)

• Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm (1860-1904)

• Grand Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter (1853-1900)

• Grand Duke Carl Alexander (1853-1901)

• Duke Leopold IV (1863-1871)

• Duke Wilhelm (1830-1884)

• Duke: George II (1866-1914)

• Duke Ernst I. (1853-1908)

• Duke Ernst II (1844-1893)

• Prince Leopold III. (1851-1875)

• Prince Heinrich XXII. (1867-1902)

• Prince Heinrich XIV

• Prince: Adolf I Georg (1860-1893)

• Prince Georg Albert I.

• Prince Günther Friedrich Carl II

• Prince: George Victor (1845-1893)

• Norway King Charles IV (1859-1872) (. Identical to Charles XV of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )

• Turkey: Sultan Abdulaziz (1861-1876)

• Austria - Hungary Emperor and King Franz Joseph I (1848-1916)

• Portugal King: Ludwig I (1861-1889)

• Romania ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince: Charles I (1866-1914) ( from 1881 king)

• Russia Tsar Alexander II (1855-1881)

• Sweden King Karl XV. (1859-1872) (identical to Charles IV of Sweden, Swedish -Norwegian personal union )

• Serbia ( until 1878 under Ottoman suzerainty ) Prince Mihailo Obrenović (1839-1842) (1860-1868)
• Prince Milan II (1868-1889) ( from 1882 King Milan I. )

• Spain Queen Isabella II (1833-1868)
• King: Francisco Serrano Domínguez (1868-1870)

• United Kingdom Queen Victoria (1837-1901)
• Prime Minister: Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley (1866-1868)
• Benjamin Disraeli (1868 )
• William Ewart Gladstone (1868-1874)

• Württemberg: King: Charles I (1864-1891)