Manas-Nationalpark
The Manas National Park is located in the Indian state of Assam at the foot of the Himalayas; it borders on the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan. The park is highly 40-140 meters and covers an area of 50,000 acres (500 km ²). It forms the core zone of the Manas wildlife reserves, comprising a total of about 2600 km ². Together with the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan ( 1000 km ² ) and the north of it is also located in Bhutan Jigme Singye - - Wangchuck National Park ( about 1400 km ²) includes the protected area 5000 km ². The park is famous for its numerous endangered mammals such as Asian elephants, Bengal Tiger, wild water buffalo, Barasinghahirsche, Goldlanguren dwarf and wild boar.
History
The area was made on 1 October 1928 protection and declared in December 1985, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Between 1988 and 1996, the Park victims of political unrest, which resulted in the protected area was heavily affected was. A raid by armed separatist Bodo had the infrastructure of the park largely destroyed. Numerous wildlife and trees fell the rampant poaching victim. From 1992 to 2011, the park was placed on the Red List of World Heritage in Danger. Meanwhile, the political situation has stabilized again in the area. Since 2003, the infrastructure in the park was established and, consequently, also the number of visitors rises again steadily.
Landscape and vegetation
Manas is situated at the foot of the foothills of the Himalayas. The landscape ranges from alluvial plains to mountain ranges. The vegetation consists of semi- evergreen hill forests, wet and dry forests, and alluvial grasslands. The latter cover about 45% of the park area. On the Bhutanese side where the mountains reach up to 3000 m, montane and montane forests occur.
Fauna
Due to its location in the transitional zone between the Indian subcontinent and the Indo- Malayan region, the park houses a particularly rich variety of wildlife. Manas is famous for its occurrences of endangered species that occur almost exclusively here. These include the tiny dwarf wild boar bristle rabbits and Goldlangur. In addition, the park is home to many rare large mammals, which have already disappeared in many parts of South Asia. So the park is one of the few places where is still occurs, the wild form of the water buffalo. There are also Asian elephants, rhinos and tigers. The last census in 2008 showed a total population of 215 wild water buffalo in the reserve.
The populations of many animals in the park were significantly reduced in the wake of political turmoil. The rhinos, of which about 100 were living in the park area in the early 1990s were almost entirely exterminated between 1995 and 1996. Contrary to earlier assumptions, which assumed that the species was completely wiped out in the park, however, seems to have survived about half a dozen of these giants. Only in recent years, the security situation has stabilized to the extent that again rhinos can be settled. In 2006, first three and a half year old female rhino calf from Kaziranga was brought to Manas, where it was temporarily in a fenced area. More rhinos from Kaziranga and Pabitora followed so that now live again in 2007 and 2008, nearly a dozen of the animals in the Manas National Park. Approximately 660 elephants were counted in 2005 in the wider area of the park, most of whom live in the Manas National Park. Thus, the park houses still one of the largest populations of the gray giants across India.
Apart from elephants and rhinos, the park is home to another very large mammals. So next comes the rare wild water buffaloes and the Gaur, the largest wild cattle of the earth, before. The park also offers an enormous variety of large predators a home and houses one of the largest tiger populations in the country. In 2006, 61 King Tiger were counted. There are also Indian leopard, wild dog, clouded leopards, sloth bears and black bears. On Bhutanese side and the wolf comes before. Five species of deer living in the park: Sambar deer, hog deer, Axishirsche, Indian muntjac and the rare Barasinghas, of which about 450 still living in the 1990s in reserve. Wild boar, wild boar and the rare dwarf Seraue (Bhutan ) are other ungulate species. In addition to the rare Goldlanguren the monkeys by Assam macaque, rhesus monkeys, white brewing Gibbons, Capped and slow lorises are represented. A rich variety of other smaller predators enriches the fauna of the area: Asian golden cats, leopard cats, fishing cats, jungle cats, marbled cats, Bengalfüchse, yellow-bellied weasel, Yellow-throated marten, otter, small Indian civet, Indian civets, Fleckenmusangs, larvae scooter, Binturongs and small mongooses. Also, Indian pangolin and flying squirrels occur. In the rivers of the park river dolphins live.
The birdlife is similarly rich as the mammalian world. Of the approximately 450 species of birds that are found in the park, about 350 breed in the area. This includes many rare species such as the beard bustard, the Bengalgeier, the narrow beak vultures or the spotted eagle. Among the approximately 50 species of reptiles especially the Gavial falls on.