Marburg-Biedenkopf

The Marburg- Biedenkopf is located in the Region of Giessen in central Hesse. It is characterized by a hilly landscape with large forests and the Lahn, which runs through the county from west to south-east.

Center of the district and the sole regional center is the university town of Marburg with 70,000 inhabitants. Other major cities ( Resource Centres ), the former county town Biedenkopf and Gladenbach, both located in the west of the district engaging Hessian hinterland, as well as church and grove business location Stadtallendorf in Ostkreis ( Altkreis Kirchhain ).

• 2.1 History before 1974

• 3.1 Kreistag
• 3.2 District
• 3.3 Coat of Arms

• 4.1 religions

• 5.1 Language
• 5.2 Care tradition
• 5.3 partnerships

• 6.1 traffic

• 7.1 means center areas
• 7.2 Regional Associations

Geography

The district lies to the north of the district of Gießen and is bordered to the north by the North Hessian Waldeck- Frankenberg, in the northeast on the Schwalm- Eder-Kreis, in the east, south and southwest of the central Hessian counties Vogelsberg, County of Gießen and Lahn- Dill-Kreis and to the west by the North Rhine- Westphalian district of Siegen -Wittgenstein. County town is the regional center of Marburg.

The district area is about 76 kilometers wide at its greatest east-west extension in north-south direction for about 36 kilometers.

The highest mountain is 674 m, the bagpipe in the far (north ) west at Biedenkopf. The highest point is the peak of the 210 m high radio mast of the transmitter Biedenkopf, what added to the altitude of the location a height of 868 m results.

The lowest point of about 168 m is the Lahnaue between Fronhausen and Sichertshausen in the south of the district on the border with County of Gießen.

The area of the county can be broken down as follows. 14.3 % or 17 996 ha of settlement and traffic areas, 55 489 ha or 43.9 % of the area is used for agriculture. The forest area is 51 582 ha, or 40.9 %, 1,189 ha or 0.9 % is covered with water.

Nature regions

→ Main article: natural areas in the district of Marburg -Biedenkopf

The district area is located at the junction of three mid-mountain -scale landscapes. A running in a north-south direction valley floor, stretching from the north of the county via the Wetschaft sink ( Munchhausen, Weather, Lahn Valley ) draws, after crossing the Lahn- headwaters in the Elnhausen -Michel Bacher Valley (western Marburger districts ) transitions and finally, in the south of the district (Weimar and Fronhausen ) the Giessen pool and thus again the valley of the Lahn meets and finds therein its extension, the foothills of the Rhenish Slate Mountains separates the west by the landscapes of the West Hessian Mountains and sink the country ( main unit group 34 ) in the east.

The Upper Lahn Valley west mush Stockhausen in turn divided into east-west direction of the Rhenish Slate Mountains foothills in the Rothaargebirge (main unit group 33 - Southshore Bergland ) in the northwest and the ( natural environment ) Westerwald (32 ) to the west and southwest of the district.

The up to 674 m high foothills of the Rothaargebirge ( bagpipe along with Vorhöhen ) take in the northwest only smaller parts of the district.

The natural area counted the Westerwald, district to 578 m high Gladenbacher Bergland takes the opposite almost the entire western half of the circle one. Is characterized During the north-east from the hilltop land of Damshäuser peaks around the 498 m high Rimberg, the West is dominated by the ( just beyond the county boundary ) high at the Angelburg to 609 m plateau of Bottenhorner plateaus, gradually northward in the Breidenbacher reason to Lahntalhotel flattens out and to the south in the slightly less high inch beech ridge passes (up to 487 m). The latter part is mountains to the east, surrounded by the hills of the poor relief Salzbödetals that extends east to the River Lahn.

In the West the Hessian highland counted eastern half of the county only to heights of 400 m can be achieved at a local relief of about 200 m in the back mostly composed of red sandstone. They include the the Lahn valley bounding ridges of Marburg back and Lahnbergen also the castle forest in the north, the Oberhessische threshold with the New Town saddle to the east and the basalt containing Lumda Plateau in the south.

All of these mountain ranges (up to the Marburger back) frame clockwise the big and entirely treeless valley of Amöneburg Basin with the distinctive basalt cone of Amoeneburg as the only substantial collection a.

Mountains

→ Main article: List of mountains in the district

The most important as destinations and viewpoints mountains of the district are the 674 m high bagpipe in the Rothaargebirgs foothills north of Biedenkopf, the 498 m high Rimberg in the hilltop land near Dautphetal - Damshausen, the 538.7 m high Scheid (1 km east of Bottenhorn ) that the customs beech ( natural area ) counted 498 m high Beautifully Scheid southwest of Bad Endbach, the 454 m high Koppe on the eastern inch beech at Glad Bach Erdhausen of the 387 m high Christenberg and castle Mellnau in the western castle forest near weather, the 380 m high castle wood north church grove at the Oberhessischen threshold, the 365 m high, in Amöneburg Basin singular Amoeneburg and the 380 m high mountain places with the Spiegelslustturm and the 370 m high mountain woman on the Lahn hills near Marburg.

Waters

Of the many waters of the county, the Lahn is by far the largest lake with a total length of 242 km. It flows through the county from the west to about the middle of the district in order to turn in Marburg south and exit the circle area at Sichertshausen. Almost all other waters flow into the Lahn and thus belong to the Rhine catchment area.

An exception is separated by the north-eastern part of New Town saddle. The New Town saddle is part of the Rhine -Weser watershed, which is why the places located outside of the district - which are exactly the districts of Neustadt - belong to the Weser river basin. The only notable river here is the Wiera, which opens from the left in the Schwalm, the main tributary of the Eder.

In the northwest of the district near the bagpipe the watershed to Eder is exactly the circle border, to the north by the Wetschaft sink the watershed runs close to the border, but excluding otherworldly. To the west the county border runs along the watershed between the Lahn and Dill and thus largely the historical border between the former Duchy of Nassau and following the Grand Duchy of Hesse -Darmstadt.

The following Lahn- tributaries are for the circular area of importance:

Between Kirchhain and Marburg, the retention basin of the Lahn- largest inflow provides ohms the city of Marburg been reliable flood protection, in the west of Perfstausee larger water masses holds at Biedenkopf back if necessary. In addition, in the upper Lahn, measures for restoration and preventive flood protection have been implemented, for example, between Lahn - Caldern and Lahn - Sterzhausen within the framework of a research project.

Climate

The mean annual rainfall is about 600-700 mm in the Marburg area, in the more mountainous western part of the district of 850-1000 mm.

History

As part of the Hessian district reform were merged together with the independent city of Marburg to the new " Marburg- Biedenkopf " July 1, 1974, the two counties and Marburg Biedenkopf. The city of Marburg was this to their 18 (outer) parts of the city increased, one of the seven special status towns in Hesse.

The following changes to the county affiliations were doing, apart from the merger made:

• From the church in the old district of Marburg Schiffelbach a district of Gemünden ( Wohra ) had become in Waldeck- Frankenberg on January 1, 1974.
• The communities Roth and Simmersbach from the old circle Biedenkopf were spun in the community of Eschenburg in Dillkreis, which then dissolved in 1977 passed into the Lahn- Dill-Kreis.
• The five boroughs of the greater community Bischoffen changed in the district of Wetzlar, which passed in 1977 also dissolved in the Lahn- Dill-Kreis.
• The summarized for only a few years for Braunstein community places Nordeck and Winnenberg were districts of the city Allendorf ( Lumda ) in the district of Gießen.
• The community Mengsberg, formerly county goats grove, was admitted as a district of Neustadt in the newly formed district.
• The hinterländische ( until 1932 Circle Biedenkopf ) Oberasphe, previously district Frankenberg, which had first been struck on 1 January 1974 as a district of Battenberg the Waldeck- Frankenberg, was after violent protests by the population for half a year later in the new greater community Munchausen of local district incorporated.

By merging the two 350 years separate administrative territories were reunited that belong together from a historical perspective. Also the natural area of the former district of Marburg and the county Biedenkopf are to be regarded as belonging together.

The space Marburg -Biedenkopf was once the costume richest region in Germany (eg Hinterländer costumes, costumes Marburg ).

History before 1974

Today the district belonged throughout history mainly for land county Hessen, some areas also for Archbishop Electorate of Mainz. In the Hessian division of the Marburg area to Hesse -Kassel, the so-called hinterland ( the offices of Battenberg, Blankenstein, Biedenkopf, Hatzfeld and Vöhl ) of Hesse -Darmstadt. Came The Electoral Mainz Amoeneburg came only in 1803, Hesse -Kassel.

1821 was the Electorate of Hesse -Kassel, the counties of Marburg and church grove. In the Grand Duchy of Hesse (Darmstadt), the district emerged districts Battenberg ( with Biedenkopf ) and Glad Bach, which were united in 1832 to the district Biedenkopf. In 1866, Prussia annexed the Electorate of Hesse and the duchy of Nassau, which it merged with the province of Hesse -Nassau. At the same time Prussia was given by the Grand Duchy of Hesse Biedenkopf the county, so that all three counties were part of the province of Hesse -Nassau. 1929 separated the city of Marburg in the borders of today's urban core (but still without Ockershausen, which was incorporated in 1931 ) from the district of Marburg and was acyclic. Three years later, in 1932, the circle Kirchhain was combined with the Marburg district, also the circle Biedenkopf was restructured. He lost about 40% of its territory, to the county Frankenberg and to the circle of Wetzlar, which was reclassified simultaneously from the Rhine Province in the province of Hesse -Nassau.

Administration and policy

For the administration of the district, the district office is set up as authority in Marburg -Cappel. In addition, field offices of the district are furnished in the former county town Biedenkopf and in Stadtallendorf. The District Office takes for a municipal tasks, but also tasks as the lower state administrative authority true.

The county committee is the governing board of the district. He also prepares decisions for the district council and forms committees to accomplish specific tasks. The district committee consists of 15 volunteer county councilors who are elected from the center of the county, as well as two full-time members. These are the District and the First District councilor. During the first district councilor is also elected by the district council, the district administrator is elected directly by the citizens residing in the district.

The District and the First Assistant District a department is assigned to each. These consist of various departments, administrative departments, municipal enterprises and sector associations.

Council

The County Council is the local people's representatives at the level of counties. Chairman of the county of Marburg -Biedenkopf is since May 2011 Detlef Ruffert (SPD). In the district ruled from 2001 until 2011 a Jamaica coalition of CDU, Alliance 90/The Greens and the FDP with the support of the Free Voters. She was among the first coalition of its kind ever in Germany. After the local elections of 2011, the FDP has left the coalition, so that since that time a CDU/Bündnis90/DIE GREEN / FDP coalition governs the circle.

The municipal election held 27 March 2011 yielded the following results:

District

District administrator of the district of Marburg - Biedenkiopf is since February 1, 2014 Kirsten Fründt. She won in the runoff election against Marian Zachow (CDU ) on 22 September 2013.

Since the creation of the district of Marburg -Biedenkopf there were five district administrators. 1974 took over the district administrator of the former district of Marburg, Burghard Vilmar (SPD ), as acting on the object in the newly created circuit before Siegfried care of the Free Wählergemeinschaft took office in January 1975. Was succeeded in June 1981 Christean Wagner ( CDU), who was until July 1985 at the office. Then Kurt Kliem initiated eleven years the fortunes of the county, which was then replaced in 1996 by Robert Fischbach as the first directly elected candidates. In September 2007, District Administrator Robert Fischbach was re-elected in the first ballot for a third term in 2014.

Coat of arms

→ Main article: List of coats of arms in Marburg- Biedenkopf

Blazon:

In blue the golden crowned and armored, ten times shared by Silver and Red Hessian lion in its paws a silver shield with full black cross holding (Coat of Arms Awards 1930 and newly on July 11, 1975).

Meaning:

The Hessian lion stands for land county Hessen or their successor states, one of which was the predominant district area. The cross stands for the Teutonic Knights, in Marburg had a major subsidiary and belonged to many lands.

Population

According to the Hessian Land Statistical Office lived in the Landkreis Marburg -Biedenkopf on 30 September 2008 251 159 people. This keeps the slight decline in population that began around 2003, continues to. The county had newly formed 1 July 1974 at 232 632 inhabitants.

Religions

The oldest existing religious community in the county is the Roman Catholic Church. By iro - Scottish monks in the seventh and by Boniface and his students at the beginning of the eighth century of the Christian faith arrived in the eastern part of today's district by the churches in Amoeneburg. In the western part was a baptistery in Breidenbach, who is said to have existed in the bonifatischen time base for the Christianization. He subsequently produced many churches and monasteries, from which often developed small villages. After the Reformation in 1524 a commitment change was requested by the Landgrave Philip, making the area was almost exclusively dominated Evangelical Lutheran. Only a part of the Ostkreises addition to the present deanery Amoeneburg three of the four districts of Marburg Lahn beyond the mountains, as belonging to the Archbishopric of Mainz vorreformatorisch is strongly influenced Catholic. Historically a part of the enclave Katzenberg purpose, the County church grove belonged until 1866 and has since been merged into the municipality Antrifttal in neighboring Vogelsberg.

Jews were first mentioned on the present territory of the county in 1273 Amoeneburg. During the plague years around 1350, and after expulsion orders 1524 and 1662, many Jews were forced to leave the area or to make a confession exchange. Until the assumption of power by the National Socialists about 1400 Jews lived in what is now the district. After 1933 the number of Jews in the district fell by emigration, emigration and deportation to zero. After shortly after the end of World War II times, again there were about 250 Jews in what is now the district, the number dropped to 20 in the 1970s, and has since risen again to about 100 members of the Jewish community in Marburg.

The vast majority of the population in the district today is characterized Protestant. The two largest groups in turn are the Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate - Waldeck with the church circles Kirchhain, Marburg - country and Marburg town within the district of Waldeck and Marburg and the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau with the deaneries Biedenkopf and Gladenbach in the Provost's North Nassau. The Evangelical Church there in the circle since its inception, as Landgrave Philip after the Homberg Synod in 1526 introduced the Protestant faith in the country county.

Culture

Most cultural activities of the district done in close coordination with the regional university town of Marburg.

• Literature Prize of the University of Marburg and the district of Marburg -Biedenkopf - 1980-2005 in the 2 -year cycle
• Artists Association Marburg -Biedenkopf
• Otto Ubbelohde Price (donated in 1987 by the Marburg- Biedenkopf, he has been awarded annually since then. )
• The Eckelshausen Music Days are an internationally acclaimed chamber music festival with annually changing topics. The individual events will take place during the ten days of predominantly in the range Biedenkopf and Dautphetal. It occurs in both individual artists, groups of up to chamber orchestra.
• Participation in the German Mill Day
• Participation in the " Heritage Day "
• " Literature course " and Circle Art Exhibition of regionally based cultural workers, annually, alternating at different locations

Language

In addition to the High German is also in the district of dialect - the platform - maintained. The dialect is part of the Central Hessian, the hinterlands Platt is mainly spoken in the western part of the county. In contrast, consists ( Northern) eastern part more of a mixed use for low Hessian dialect. Once up in the 1960s, the dialect was still mostly spoken as a first language, the dialect threatened to die out towards the end of the 20th century. Increasing regional consciousness that expresses itself, among others, by the formation of dialect associations and the scientific monitoring at the Philipps- University, trying to counteract.

Tradition Care

The space Marburg -Biedenkopf was once the costume richest region of Germany. In particular, the women's costumes have a wide variety. In the circle is made between the hinterlands costumes and the Marburg costumes. After the men costumes went out of fashion as early as the mid-19th century, the wearing of women's costumes was frowned upon from the time of National Socialism for pupils and partly also prohibited. Thus, the number decreased steadily. Today in particular sporadically older women are to be found with costumes in the villages. For costume care, there are some costumes and traditional dance clubs in the district.

In some places, so-called "border crossing Fixed " celebrated. The major border crossing celebrations in the district are held every seven years each in the places Biedenkopf, Buchenau, Goßfelden weather. These festivals date back to the Abschreitung the district boundaries in the late Middle Ages.

Partnerships

• Huntingdonshire District ( UK )

This partnership is officially since July 1977; the basics, however, were already laid in 1949, when the then youth trainer organized a youth exchange.

• Charlottenburg- Wilmersdorf of Berlin
• Circle Kościerski in Poland (since October 2000)

Furthermore, there are friendly contacts with the German districts

• Wartburg district ( Thuringia)
• Rendsburg- Eckernförde ( Schleswig -Holstein)
• Delitzsch (Saxony )

And the Italian community

• Lüsen in South Tyrol

Economy and infrastructure

The economic priorities of the district are located in Marburg, where especially the service sector by the Philipps- University and the successor companies of the former pharmaceutical company Behringwerke is represented in Stadtallendorf, where in addition to the iron foundry winter with Ferrero is the largest employer of the circle is at home as well as in the western part of the circle in the communities Biedenkopf, Breidenbach and Dautphetal that are reported together as a commercial focus. There and in Glad Bach Erdhausen can be some long-established and world-renowned model and find mold factories. The communities of Bad Endbach, Glad Bach and Lohra operate together an inter-municipal industrial park ( see main article Lahn- Dill area ).

The county also has a relatively low unemployment rate.

Traffic

The total area of the district is crossed by any federal motorway. From the Northeast ( Schwalm -Eder -Kreis) leads to the end of the A49 in Borken ( Hessen), the B3 in the district area, which extended from Marburg mostly two lanes southbound on the Giessen ring road ( A485 ) following the A45 (Cologne, Dortmund or Frankfurt am Main) and A5 direction Frankfurt offers. In southwestern direction also provides the B3 connection to the B255 to Koblenz and the B49 to Limburg. Southeast leads the B62 from the A5 from Alsfeld ( Vogelsberg ) into the circle and northwest also out towards the A45.

Important and sometimes controversial traffic plans and problems relate mainly to the continued construction of the A49, closing the gap between the A4 and the victories Hattenbacher triangle and the construction of bypass roads along the B62 in the relatively narrow Lahn valley and the B 252

The main railway line of the county is the stretch of Main -Weser -Bahn Frankfurt- Giessen- Kassel with IC maintenance alone in Marburg. Regional express trains on the route Frankfurt -Kassel keep in Marburg, Kirchhain, Stadtallendorf and Neustadt. Single-track branch lines connect Marburg on the one hand with Frankenberg ( the so-called Castle Forest Railway ) and the other with Erndtebrück ( Siegen-Wittgenstein district, North Rhine -Westphalia) on the Upper Lahn Valley Railway. From 1905 to 1972, the Marburg district ran its own railway line from Marburg Süd station in the Ebsdorfergrund after Dreihausen (Marburg circular path ).

The transport is from the Rhine - Main Transport Association (RMV ) in cooperation with the Regional transport association ( RNV ) Marburg -Biedenkopf organized. The contract for the first time distributed in the district of line bundles of the bus was the transport company Mittelhessen for the " LMR- West ". The two line bundles " LMR- Northeast" and " LMR -West" were awarded in 2006.

The Frankfurt International Airport is about an hour away by car, train need with change Frankfurt (Main ) Hauptbahnhof about an hour and twenty minutes.

A small airport is located in the district of Cölber Schönstadt, a special landing pad in the bathroom Endbacher district Bottenhorn.

Cities and Towns

The following is a list of all cities and towns of the district. Under " old district ", the communities depending on the three former counties Biedenkopf ( until 1974, the West, Hessian hinterland ), Kirchhain ( until 1932 Ostkreis ) and Marburg (central, before the inclusion of the circle Kirchhain 1932) assigned.

The population of the entire communities relate to the 31 December 2012.

(* ): The sub-centers Steffensberg and Angelburg are as sub-centers with cooperation needs identified ( together and to the adjacent sub- center Breidenbach ) and do not meet fully the criteria for sub-centers.

In addition to the cities listed above also enjoy the Stadtallendorfer district Pig Mountain ( 1332 ) and the Biedenkopfer district Breidenstein (since 1398 ) historic rights.

Means the center areas

Due to the highlighted position of the upper center of Marburg is the middle center area of Marburg, which, apart from the community Lohra, completely covered with the old district of Marburg in its composition to 1932, far-reaching geared to the university town, with only the city weather in the north a conditionally complete has infrastructure.

Although have weather, Ebsdorfergrund ( in Heskem ) and Weimar ( in Niederwalgern ) over larger comprehensive schools, but they must do without upper secondary school, ie the High School itself is possible only in the district town, which also has three relatively large vocational schools with respective compartments focus.

In Ostkreis, the former county town church grove and the now populous stronger industrial city Stadtallendorf share as a means centers partially the tasks. While Kirchhain et al Seat of secondary schools (the city has both a vocational school and a comprehensive school with Gymnasium upper level ), Stadtallendorf has a branch office of the District Office. Both cities are as shopping cities each relatively independent, but complement each other in more specific offers. How Stadtallendorf has also Neustadt on a comprehensive school without upper secondary school; in other infrastructure, the city is indeed reasonably self-contained, but weaker equipped than the two resources centers.

All other cities and towns of Ostkreises have more rural character, with Amoeneburg however has a private high school.

The west of the county ( Hessian hinterland ) is largely focused on the former county town Biedenkopf as a regional center, but especially Dautphetal and Breidenbach have quite the infrastructure of medium small towns. Biedenkopf has, inter alia, about a high school, a vocational school and a branch office of the district office.

In the south of the hinterland provides Glad Bach, not least because of its geographic isolation, the second means dar. center It is clearly influenced less by industry, however, is home to the Kneipp spas Glad Bach and Bad Endbach.

The Gladenbacher School is the only school in the hinterland outside Biedenkopf, which provides the opportunity for an advanced degree.

All in all, remains the catchment Glad Bach limited, while some Biedenkopf also ( by-) regional center of the Northern District ( Lahn valley, weather), adjacent municipalities of the Lahn -Dill -Kreis ( Dietzhölztal, Eschenburg ) and the Waldeck -Frankenberg ( Hatzfeld and some Battenberg ) and, in the division of functions with the neighboring Laasphe, also for the South East of the district of Siegen -Wittgenstein (NRW) exercises.

Regional Associations

• The regional center areas Biedenkopf and Gladenbach are part of region and natural park Lahn- Dill-Bergland.
• The village outside the city of Marburg parts (ie without core city, Cappel, Wehrda and Marbach ), together with Weimar, Fronhausen, Ebsdorfergrund and Amoeneburg the region Marburger country.
• The north of the regional center areas Marburg ( Lahn Valley, Weather, Munchausen, Coelbe ) and Kirchhain ( Kirchhain, Rauschenberg, Wohratal ) are part of the castle forest ( - Ederbergland ) region.
• The core area of ​​the upper city center of Marburg ( with Cappel, Wehrda and Marbach ) and the middle center area Stadtallendorf (including Neustadt ) are no separate regional association.