Marchantiophyta

Well liverwort ( Marchantia polymorpha )

The liverworts ( Marchantiophyta ) are a division of plants and one of the three groups that are collectively called Moose.

Features

The distinguishing features of the mosses ( Bryophyta ) are the gametophytes:

  • The protonema is reduced and consists of only a few cells.
  • The rhizoids are unicellular.
  • The leafy liverworts have three rows of leaves. The ventral (bottom) lying set of leaves is small and usually of a different shape and is called the sub- sheets ( Amphigastrien ). You may also be omitted.
  • The leaves have no rib.
  • The cell shape is parenchymatous, so rather plump, while the mosses often elongated ( prosenchymatous ) cells.
  • The cells of the thallus or leaf often have oil body.
  • The antheridia and archegonia have no paraphyses.

The gametophyte is multifaceted: it can be thallös or leafy. The cells contain numerous chloroplasts.

The distinguishing features of the mosses in the sporophyte are:

  • He is short-lived.
  • The spore capsule is differentiated before the capsule stalk ( seta ) stretches.
  • The Seta is zartwandig.
  • In the capsule all the spores ripen simultaneously.
  • The wall of the spore capsule lacks the stomata.
  • The capsule opens with four slots and jumps into four flaps on.
  • The capsule has no columella.
  • In the spore capsule elaters be formed.

System

The liverworts were previously performed in only one class " Hepaticae ". Molecular genetic studies have led to an ever more detailed classification of the group. Holly Frey and divide the liverworts as follows:

  • About Class I class Treubiopsida
  • Class Haplomitriopsida
  • Class Blasiopsida
  • Class Marchantiopsida
  • Class Fossombroniopsida
  • Class Pallaviciniopsida
  • Class Pelliopsida
  • Class Jungermanniopsida

For an outline to see family level classification of mosses.

Name

The name liverworts dates from the Middle Ages, when medicinal plants according to the motto similia similibus curentur ( like cures like ) were selected ( doctrine of signatures ). The liver- shaped thallus of Marchantia about was used as cooked in wine extract as a medicine to treat liver disease. The term was then transferred to the whole group, even at the foliose liverworts.

Documents

  • Jan- Peter Frahm: biology of mosses. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg and Berlin, 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0164- X
  • Jan- Peter Frahm, Wolfgang Frey, J. Döring: Moss flora. 4th revised and expanded edition ( UTB for Science, Volume 1250). Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-2772-5 ( Ulmer) ISBN 3-8252-1250-5 & ( UTB )
Archaeplastida Viridiplantae Charophyta Bryophyte Antheridium Columella (disambiguation)
387169
de