Martin Gerbert
Martin Gerbert ( born August 11, 1720 in Horb am Neckar, † May 13 1793 in St. Blaise ) was Prince-Abbot of the monastery of St. Blaise. He was an eminent music historian and representative of early modern scholarly Benediktinertums in the Black Forest.
Life
Gerbert came from the prestigious Horb family Gerbert ( but not their 1686 collected in the Czech equestrian side branch of Gerbert and Hornau ) and received his first education in Freiburg im Breisgau. In 1736 he became a monk in the monastery of St. Blaise, where he was a teacher of theology. Travels took him to Germany, France and Italy. He collected materials for medieval liturgy and music history. On October 15, 1764 Gerbert Prince Abbot of St. Blaise.
As Gerbert was initially entrusted with the administration of the monastery library, he began with church history studies. The special object of his studies was the history of the church singing in the Middle Ages. As a result, he became one of the most important music historian of modern times. His interest in music led to acquaintance with Christoph Willibald Gluck, who became his friend. In 1760 he collected on his travels copies of medieval treatises on music history and theory from monastic libraries. In Bologna, he became friends with Padre Martini; both shared their rich experiences. The first result was the travelogue Iter Alemannicum. There followed in 1774 the major two volume work De cantu et musica sacra, the Monumenta and finally Scriptores ecclesiastici The last book - a comprehensive Quellensammlungin three volumes - comprised the major music-theoretical writings from the third century to the end of the Middle Ages and was in the aftermath of the utmost importance for the study of medieval music history.
Under his rule, St. Blaise became an important center of the methodological historical research. He published his three-piece Historia nigrae Silvae ( 1783-1788 ). On his transfer out of the chaplain Trudpert neugart began with the presentation of the history of the German dioceses, from which to date the project Germania sacra arose. In addition, Gerbert fought against the Josephinism the Austrian sovereign.
Still in 1764 he had the building of Castle Bürgeln in Markgraeflerland finish, after the disastrous fire of 1768 the famous 1783 finished round church of St. Blaise. Gerbert founded in 1765 the " Orphans' Fund Bonn village", forerunner of the Sparkasse Bonn Village Stühlingen, which is the second oldest savings bank in Germany. In 1778 he acquired for the monastery of the iron Albbruck. In 1791 he founded the Rothaus brewery - today " Baden State Rothaus " - as a measure to stimulate the economy in his Black Forest dominion.
After the death of Maria Theresa was carried out under the new Emperor Joseph II a strict policy against the monasteries and pastoral communities, which ended with the receipts issued and had to be discontinued the studies (1783 ). He therefore traveled to the death of the Emperor Joseph II, in 1790 in a delegation to Vienna to meet with the slightly different -minded Emperor Leopold confirming the receipt of his monastery, but in vain - the time trends were not intended. The beginning of the French Revolution, he lived to see the consequences of which he no longer had to experience. He died on 13 May 1793 it had been his wish to be buried in front of the door of the cathedral, so that each of the cathedral set foot could pray for him. However, this brought his confreres not ready, they bury him in the cathedral. His funeral numerous personalities were present, he was buried in front of the choir of the cathedral, the speech was grave of Father Johann Baptist white.
Honors
During his lifetime, in 1783, a commemorative coin was released in honor of Gerbert. Gerbert contemporary Friedrich Nicolai reported that here the profile of Gerbert's head was indeed well taken, he would not so obsessed with fleshy cheeks and such a lipless mouth. Nevertheless, the coin was often used as a template for Gerbert - portraits in the region around St. Blaise. Satisfied Nicolai showed with the portrait of Verhelst from the Universal German Library. Today there is a medallion with Gerbert's profile on a stone near the cathedral at St. Blaise. The Bonndorfer Martin garden adorns since 1856 a monument of Franz Xaver Empire ( 1815-1881 ), which was restored in the winter of 2011/2012.
After Gerbert the former Latin school in Horb Martin Gerbert High School was named. Even the Prince Abbot Gerbert - School and Prince Abbot - Gerbert Street in St. Blaise or Horb am Neckar bear his name. In Bonn, the village is with the Martin Street also the city's main street is named after him.
Writings
- De recto et perverso usu theologicæ scholasticæ, 1758 ( digitized )
- De censura morum aequa adversus rigidiorem et remissiorem, 1763 ( digitized )
- Iter Allemannicum, accedit Italicum et Gallicum 1765 ( German Edition: In most reverend Lord, Lord Martin Gerbert ... traveling through ... Alemannia, 1767; digitized )
- Monumenta veteris liturgiae Alemanicae, 1777-1779 ( digitized )
- Historia Ordinis Sancti nigrae Silvae St. Benedict coloniae, 1783-1788 ( digitized: Vol 1, Vol 2, Vol 3 ), published in German in 1993, translated by Adalbert Woe
- Scriptores de musica sacra ecclesiastici Potissimum, 1784
- Ecclesia Militans Regnum Christi in Terris, in suis Fatis repræsentata, 1784 ( digitized )
- De Rudolpho Suevico Comite de Rhinfelden, Duce, regulation Deque EIUS Inlustri Familia Ex Augusta Ducum Lotharingiae, 1785
- De sublimi divinam in evangelio Christ juxta Verbi incarnati œconomian, 1793 ( digitized )
The majority of Martin Gerbert authored or edited books located in the original edition in the existence of the Prince Abbot Gerbert - collection in the monastery library in Upper Ried (Breisgau ). His books have been printed in almost all of the monastery and monastery printing St. Blaise, the place of publication is given by: Typis St. Blasius