Maslen nos

42.30751944444427.792341666667Koordinaten: 42 ° 18 ' 27 " N, 27 ° 47' 32" E

Maslen nos ( Bulgarian Маслен нос ) is a cape on the Black Sea, in southeastern Bulgaria. Maslen nos is the southernmost point of the Bay of Burgas.

Location

This cape is the most south-eastern point of the ridge Meden rid. The ridge is bounded on the west by the river roses and extends east to the Black Sea, including the coast of the Bay sealed genes Skele in the north to Cape Maslen nos in the south. Its highest summit Bakarlaka ( 376 m; ⊙ 42.397527.608055555556 ), located west of Sozopol. Immediately before the Cape Maslen nos the ridge is penetrated by Ropotamo River. The Meden rid beach is part of the Saddle Mountains, which on the Cape Peninsula expires in a (north- south length: about 4 km, east-west extent of about 3 km ) and projecting into the Black Sea.

Immediately at the Cape falls a steep rocky coast into the sea. Viewed from the north remembers Maslen nos to the outline of a lion's head - not to be confused with the rock formation " lion's head " on the river Ropotamo.

On the cape is the chapel of Sveti Nikola. Two miles to the north of Maslen nos is the Cape Karaultasch.

Name

The Cape Maslen nos ( German as: " olive - bay" ) was already at the time of the Greeks notorious that there were smashed and drowned many boats on the sharp rocks. The cargo of such vessels consisted in large part of amphorae with olive oil, then clearly visible exiting from the destroyed ships. Hence the name Maslen nos ( maslo = grease, oil, nos = nose, cape).

During the 500-year rule of the Ottoman Empire over the region of present-day Bulgaria Cape Zeytin burnu was called, which means in Turkish " olive - Cape " and even explicitly referred to olive oil and not generally applicable to oil, such as the Bulgarian word " maslo ".

• Zeytin ( Turkish ) = Зехтин ( Bulgarian; transcription: Sechtin; borrowed from Persian ) = olive oil;
• Burnu ( Turkish ) = nos ( Bulgarian) = nose, chap.

Not to be confused is the old Turkish name Zeytin burnu with an eponymous district of Zeytinburnu in Istanbul.

The encountered in many atlases name " Cape Malsen nos " (English " Cape Maslen nos " ) or "Nos Malsen nos " (abbreviated to " N. Maslen nos " ), however, represents an incorrect Namensdoppelung as " nos " the Bulgarian word for " cape" is. "Cape Malsen nos " would mean "Cape Cape oily ". The mistranslation of " butter Cape " (English " butter Cape " ) is encountered.

Lighthouse

From the ancient times and the Middle Ages nothing is handed on a lighthouse on Maslen nos. However, due to its exposed location, the Cape was certainly already in antiquity as a navigation aid.

The first information can be found in a bulletin of the lighthouse authority in Istanbul on 6 December 1863. Herein, the coordinates of a constant red beacon will be indicated on the Cape. The height of fire above the sea level was 10 m, and the visibility 6 NM. Probably saw this "lighthouse " exactly like the lighthouses at Cape of Varna and on the island of Sweta Anastasia. This means that it consisted of an iron pole on one placed a red lamp at nightfall.

The company Julius Pintsch built 1930 on the Cape a new lighthouse, which stands there to this day and provides its service. On the lighthouse optics of Julius Pintsch is mounted, which is powered by gas.

The lighthouse is located 7 km northeast of Primorsko. His light above the water is 37.5 m above sea level. He has a range of 17 nautical miles ( NM). All 17.2 s he sends three white Blitzlicher (duration 0.4 seconds, flashes ) from. In between, a pause of four, four and eight seconds. The lighthouse is a white, 6 m high ( with the pedestal for the optics: 7,5 m high) round stone tower with a gallery. The optics have been manually turned on and rotated by a motor (a small membrane gas engine), who used the gas pressure of illuminating gas before it burned in the burner of the beacon. As of July 25, 1932, the gas machine was converted to acetylene.

In addition to the lighthouse this single storey cottage stands (one room with kitchen ) of the lighthouse keeper. In the small bay, which is located south of the Cape, 500 m from Leutturm was built away a small quay made ​​of concrete, so that motor boats could create. For many years was the care of the lighthouse with fuel and food over the sea, as the lighthouse, especially in winter, was completely cut off from the hinterland.

South of the lighthouse, a square, 3 m high, Stone was established in 1937, on which a fog bell was placed in bronze, to warn the ships in fog. The drive mechanism for the bell was housed in the stone. He had to be raised and started manually. The bell rang then two hours every 9 s two times. after each gong there was a pause of 3 s or 6 s, the next 25 years then stopped the plant and the lighthouse at Cape unchanged.

The need for a beacon required a fundamental modernization of the plant at Maslen nos. Especially a power line had to be laid to the lighthouse.

When in 1961 on the Bulgarian and Romanian Black Sea coast 6 radio beacons were built to one found here.

The 6 radio beacon were the following capes:

• Cape Kaliakra
• Snake Island
• Sveti Georgi
• Constanta
• Cape Emine
• Cape Maslen nos

These 6 radio beacon have successively their signals (including identification) aired for one minute each, so that the sequence of all beacon repeated every 6 minutes.

From 1961 the beacon sent in 24- hour operation, the letters " MN " from. The old look of the lighthouse was electrified. In 1968, the optics have been replaced by a modern electric Optics M -300. The old look is to see in 1977 at the Marine Museum Warne ( Bulg Военноморски музей Варна ). 2005, the lighthouse was the new look M -500.

Underwater Archaeology

In the small bay immediately southwest of the Cape began in 1960, the Bulgarian underwater archeology; Expedition leader was Ivan Galabow ( Bulg Иван Гълъбов ). the archaeological findings showed that BC small ships have sought refuge in this small bay, which was in the lee of the prevailing wind direction in the 6th century. There are numerous finds from the Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (5th -14th centuries)

Primorsko

The cape is located near the town of Primorsko, which lies further south, 5 km in a straight line from the Cape. In Primosko and the surrounding area there are extensive sandy beaches.

Ropotamo

The mouth of the river Ropotamo located 5 km northwest of the Cape. Are the remains of a Roman town at the mouth of Ropotamo. In addition, standing near the ancient city Ranuli. The river Ropotamo winds in the hinterland through the nature reserve Ropotamo. It cuts down here in the slopes of the Saddle Mountains and beach has washed out huge Felblöcke.

Beliktasch

The other region around the Peninsula and the Cape Maslen nos, as well as to the river Ropotamo has been inhabited since ancient times. In the area of ​​the Cape Peninsula is also the Thracian sanctuary Begliktasch ( Bulg Беглик Таш ), 200 m inland from the Cape, which was only discovered in 2003.

Perla

On the south side, 3.5 km from the Cape, is the former residence of Todor Zhivkov government, which was built about 1980. Since about 1955 there was a large campsite situated in a dense oak forest. Beliktasch is located two kilometers from Perla and one kilometer inland from the Black Sea. In the next few years, the south side of Maslen Nos will be built as part of a large construction project, which then also the former residence must go. The nature reserve Ropotamo is a little further west of this building project.

Fauna

Near the Cape is an inaccessible cave with its entrance Area can be reached only by boat or float. It is inhabited by about 3000 bats ( Schreiber's bat, and about 100 large mouse-eared bats).

In the vicinity of the Cape, the rock " Ostrak ", there are oyster reefs, which contain no living oysters more. They consist of shells of dead European oysters.

At the Cape are also many snakes to be found.