Mijwiz

The term Midschwiz (Arabic مجوز, DMG miǧwiz, IPA: [ mɪd͡ʒwɪz ]; well midjwiz, in the English context mijwiz ) is used primarily in Syria, Lebanon and Jordan used for a woodwind instrument with two single reeds and two cylindrical tubes of equal length are connected by turns of thread at both ends rigidly together. The two tubes are tuned in accordance with each other and each have five to eight ( sometimes more) relatively large handle holes, which are arranged in pairs at the same height. As the material of melody pipes are hollow plant stems (usually bamboo) used. The construction of the Midschwiz corresponds to two connected Sipsis. Traditionally, the Midschwiz is usually played with circular breathing and in unison, two-part effects are possible. He will not blown over.

Dissemination and terminology

The type of instrument is common in the Mediterranean and the Near East under different names. The instruments are called in Iraq muṭbag, zumare in Egypt زمارة / zummara, in Albania, in Palestine يرغول / yarghūl, Yemen مزمار / mizmar ( otherwise stands for the surnai type). In North Africa, the terms مقرونة / maqruna / magrūna and زمر / zam ( a) r are used, with two horns of horn. In Turkey appropriate instruments hot Çifte (collectively the " double " ) or Arghul ( argun, Kargin or zambir ). Both simple and can be doubled using the Sardinian bena, the xeremia eivissenca in Ibiza and the Russian dud (k ) a.

A related Egyptian type of instrument consisting of a tube with finger holes and a handle hole loose Bordunröhre, ie ارغول / Arghul. When Sonarel (Languedoc ), the melody and the Bordunrohr are connected by a web firmly together; compare the two connected tubes of triple launeddas in Sardinia. A Basque twin instrument with horn funnels and / or wind capsules called alboka.

In the literature, the duplicated tube pipes following the Hornbostel -Sachs system are often called " double clarinets " means.

History

The forerunner of today's instruments are demonstrated in the ancient Egypt. The Aulos classical antiquity only be counted due to the precursors of the duplicated tube pipes, as he had disconnected melody pipes that were played in V- position.

In the High Middle Age Appropriate instruments in Western Europe are demonstrated, as chalumeau ( masculine, plural chalumeaux ) or muse ( feminine, plural muses ) are referred to. Specifically, instruments are associated with parallel sound tubes ( Psalter of Limoges, 12th century ), which can be mounted on a semicircular wooden bow ( Cantigas de Santa Maria). Or there are two parallel sound tubes drilled into a piece of wood ( Chara Vines Colletière, 11th Century, Saint -Ours de Loches, 12th century ). Further, there are pictures of triple instruments with parallel sound tubes ( two Bordunrohre without handle holes ( Cantigas ) ); Codex of the Canterbury School 12th century.