Min Nan
Spoken in
- Sino Tibetan languages Chinese languages Min Dialect Minnan
Zh (Chinese Language )
Nan, zho ( macro language, Chinese languages)
Min Nan or Minnan (Chinese Characters :闽南 语/闽南 语, Pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ, Peh -oe - jī: BAN - lâm -gu, Southern Min Language ) is a language in the southern Fujian province of China and surrounding is spoken areas. Hokkien, Taiwanese and Teochew are prominent variants of Minnan.
Classification
Minnan forms as well as other groups a branch of the Min languages. These are part of the group of Chinese languages , which are themselves a member of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
As with other languages of the Chinese language family is the official viewpoint of the People's Republic of China, that is a Minnan dialect and not a language. However, Minnan overlap lexically only to 15.1% with standard Chinese, and the languages are not mutually intelligible. Even between different geographical characteristics of Minnan, such as between Amoy and Teochew in Xiamen in Chaoshan mutual intelligibility is very low.
Geographical distribution
Minnan is spoken in the southern part of Fujian province, in two southern areas in Zhejiang Province, on the Zhoushan archipelago of Ningbo in Zhejiang, and the eastern part of Guangdong province ( Chaoshan region). The Qiong Wen variant on the Leizhou Peninsula of Guangdong Province, as well as in the province of Hainan, resembles in parts of Minnan, while other parts are different. A form of Minnan spoken in Taiwan, where it is referred to Tâi - OAN - oē or Hō - ló - oē. The ethnic group that has as Minnan native language is referred to as Holo ( Hō - ló ) or Hoklo; this also forms a large ethnic group in Taiwan.
Emigrated from Fujian Minnan spokesman brought the language in many other parts of Southeast Asia. The majority were Hoklo from southern Fujian, which brought the language to Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The Minnan of southern Fujian is therefore referred to as Hokkien, Hokkienese or Fukien and the Taiwanese language very similar. Many other ethnic Chinese Southeast Asians come from the Chaoshan region of Guangdong province and speak Teochew, the variant of Minnan in this region. There are reports that Minnan is the native language of up to 98.5 % of the ethnic Chinese population in the Philippines; among these is referred to as Lan - nang or Lán - long - oē ( " language of our people ").
Official Status
In Taiwan, the status of Minnan in public life has been upgraded since the lifting of martial law in 1987 and the subsequent liberalization and Minnan is used in broadcasting, etc. (see Taiwanese ).
On the Chinese mainland, there are also radio and television broadcasts in Minnan.
Phonetics and phonology
Minnan is a tonal language with strongly developed Tonsandhi. The following sections provide on arrival and end of a word the syllables of the Min Nan. The examples are two-syllable words, where the component is highlighted in red.
Initial sounds
End of a word
Tones
Font
Minnan is typically recorded by ethnic Chinese speakers in Chinese characters as used in standard Chinese. There are also a number of special characters that are used only for Minnan, as is customary, for example, also in Cantonese. Signs of other words of similar meaning or similar pronunciation are often used for a word without traditional characters.
Minnan can - as well as Taiwanese and other Chinese languages - be written in Latin letters. This Latin spelling is called Peh -oe - jī ( POJ " vernacular writing" ). POJ was later developed by Presbyterian missionaries and of the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan; the use of this notation was promoted since the late 19th century. In addition, there are other Latin transcriptions, as well as mixed notations that use Chinese characters and Latin characters.
Early Writings in Minnan date from the 16th century. One example is the " Doctrina Christiana en letra y lengua china", probably written in 1587 by the Spanish Dominicans in the Philippines. Another one is the " Romance of the Litschispiegels " (Chinese荔 镜 记/荔 镜 记) dating from 1566, probably the earliest surviving Minnan - text.
Coding for electronic data processing
Minnan is in RFC as zh- min-nan set 3066 ( " Taiwanese " as zh- min-nan -TW ).
One difficulty is that the character set is not immutable. As seen in many Sino-Tibetan languages , some authors for certain expressions existing characters to be insufficient, and create new expressions for these characters. These are of course not in Unicode 10646 or ISO / IEC: Universal Character Set included.
All for PEH oē - jī necessary letters are included in Unicode, with the use of [ precomposed ] or [ diacritics ]. By June 2004, the vocal lacked similar, but strong open as an o, denoted by a dot above right: ȯ. Bypassed was obtained by attaching a • (U 00 B7 middle dot) as an independent character, rarely by ̇ (U 0307, dot above). This vowel has now officially the encoding U 0358 (see N1593, N2507, N2628, N2699 and N2713 ).