Muhammad ash-Shawkani

Muhammad ibn ʿ Alī al- Schaukānī (Arabic محمد بن علي الشوكاني, Muḥammad ibn ʿ Alī DMG aš - Šaukānī born July 12, 1760 in Hidschrat Schaukān, died in 1834 in Sanaa ) was an Islamic scholar of Yemen, the 1795-1834 top Kadi Zaidi Imamate in the Qāsimiden was and is considered a forerunner of Islamic modernism because of his advocacy of ijtihad and rejection of taqlid. Rashid Rida regarded him as the innovator of the 12th Islamic century.

Life

Ash- Schaukānī was born in Hidschrat Schaukān, a day's journey south east of Sanaa. His family belonged to the state of the Qudāt and followed the Hādawīya, one of the Imam al- Hādī ila l - Haqq Yahya ibn al - Husain (d. 911 ) within the Zaidi Shia founded in law school. Schaukānī who learned first with his father, this law school followed at first also, but then visited in Sanaa teaching of a scholar, who felt bound to any law school and was considered a mujtahid, ʿ Abd al - Qādir al - Kaukabānī (d. 1792). Under his influence ash- Schaukānīs bond prompted to Hādawīya.

Around 1780 began al- Schaukānī to give themselves legal opinion, with those who turned to him, especially Shafi'i from the Tihama were. About 1790 he came to the conclusion that compliance with a law school is generally rejected, and called himself henceforth himself as " unbound mujtahid " ( muǧtahid Mutlaq ). In addition, al- Schaukānī worked as a teacher. As he himself writes in his autobiography, he gave daily classes in 13 different disciplines, including Tafseer, Usul al - fiqh, rhetoric (ma ʿ ani wa - Bayān ), Arabic grammar ( naḥw ) and Fiqh.

1795 called him al - Mansur bi- llah, the qāsimidische Imam of Yemen, the supreme Qadi of the country. In this capacity, he was responsible for the appointment and supervision of the entire Kadis in the territory of the Imam. He also served as the secretary of the imam and corresponded on his behalf 1807-1813 with the leaders of the First Saudi State.

Works

Total ash- Schaukānī be attributed to 250 works. Particularly well known are the following:

• Nail al - Autar min Asrār Muntaqa al - Ahbar, 1795 worded comment to the information collected by Ibn Taymiyah al - hadith collection Muntaqa min Ahbar al - Mustafa in eight volumes.
• Fatḥ al -Qadir, 1814 perfect commentary on the Koran, which comprises five volumes in modern editions.
• Badr al - Tali aṭ - ʿ bi- ba ʿ d al Mahasin you qarn - as- Sabi ʿ, collection of biographies of rulers and scholars after the 7th Islamic century ( 13th century CE = ). The standard edition (Cairo: Maṭba ʿ at al- Sa ʿ Ada 1929) comprises two volumes and contains the second volume (p. 214-225 ) an autobiography.
• Iršād al - fuḥūl ila al - Haqq Tahqiq min ʿ ilm al - usul, usul al - treatise on the fiqh.
• Al - al - Mufid qaul fī al - adillat iǧtihād wa -t - taqlid, ijtihad and taqlid treatise on "in which he argued that it was not necessary to follow the views of the schools of Islamic law.