Nemrut (volcano)

Nemrut Dagi of the crater, image from orbit (February 2001)

Nemrut Dagi (Armenian Սարակն = Sarakn, Kurdish Çiyayê Nemrud ) is a 3050 meters high, the last time in 1881 active, now dormant volcano in Turkey Tatvan on Lake Van. The amount of data varies depending on the source between 2865 m and 3300 m.

The summit of Nemrut was thrown off in the explosion. This created a huge caldera. This caldera of the volcano has a diameter of about 7 km and is filled out in its western half with one of the largest crater lakes in the world. This lake is 155 meters deep and cold water. The crater has two minor lakes. To the north lies the Ilıgöl. He is as its name suggests warm. Lie at the edges of volcanic hot water and steam sources, near which the water temperature rises to 80 ° C. The Ilıgöl has a diameter of 500 m and 7-8 m deep. The second is called Nebensee Küçükgöl ( dt: Small lake ) located in the east of the crater lake.

The mountain is named after the legendary King Nimrod. The Armenian name means " mountain spring ".

Ascent of Nemrut

The Austrian zoologist Victor Pietschmann boarded probably the first European to Nemrut. His description of an encounter with loggers suggests that the mountain at the beginning of the First World War was still forested.

The city lies in the southeast of Tatvan Nemrut. It is a good starting point for an ascent of the mountain. In five hours you can reach the southeastern edge of the crater of Tatvan foot. From the crater rim you have a good view of the interior of the crater, and the crater lake on the Lake Van. The best time for climbing is from June to September.

Today the slopes of Nemrut of transhumant be used, often set up their summer camp in the caldera. In the fall, they migrate through the pass of Bitlis in the Tigris Valley ( Nemrik ), the area of Diyarbakır or in the Dschesireh ( Khabur and Kaschkaschok Valley ).

Obsidian deposits

Nemrut Dagi was in the Neolithic and the Bronze Age is an important source of obsidian, which was negotiated to northern Mesopotamia and the southern Levant. Several obsidian flows are distinguished. Obsidian occurs in large quantities in the southern and eastern side of the mountain smaller deposits are located on the northeastern slope. In the eastern half of the caldera are smaller obsidian flows and Rhyolitvorkommen. The obsidian Nemrut are peralkalin. Locations of Nemrut Obsidian are:

  • Tell Aswad, about 10,300 BP,
  • Shanidar, the Upper Palaeolithic
  • Zarzi, Epipalaeolithic
  • Hallan CEMI, 10600-10000 BP
  • Cafer Höyük, 9600 and 8600 BP
  • Tell Shimshara, 8000-7000 BP
  • Munhata
  • Abu Zureiq
  • Obed
  • Larsa
  • Oueili
  • Dharhan, Persian Gulf
Armenian language Kurdish languages Viktor Pietschmann Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia Before Present Obed (biblical figure)
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