Olive Warbler
Mirage Warbler ( Peucedramus taeniatus )
The Mirage Warbler ( Peucedramus taeniatus ) is a small passerine bird that was first associated with the biology of Warbler ( Parulidae ), but after DNA tests as the sole representative in their own family deceit Warbler ( Peucedramidae ) was provided. The distribution extends from southwestern North America, Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras to Nicaragua. The IUCN lists the species as " not at risk " (least concern).
Features
Mirage Warbler reach a body length of 13 centimeters. The wing length is 6.8 to 8.1 inches in the male, the female, 6.7 to 7.5 centimeters. Adult male of the nominate deceit warblers have an orange top of the head, neck and side of the neck plumage and an orange throat and upper breast plumage. The reins, the area around the eyes and the ear-coverts are black. The wings are blackish with olive feather edges and two broad white wing-bars. The top plumage is gray; the underside plumage is dirty white with gray washed sides of breast and flanks. In the females of the nominate the reins and ear-coverts are greyish - black and the top of the head and neck feathers and the upper mantle is yellowish olive green. The rest of the head feathers, the sides of the neck and chest are yellow; the throat feathers somewhat paler yellow.
Male juveniles of the nominate have a duller plumage than the adult males in the first year of life. The reins and ear-coverts are dull blackish. The crown and neck feathers and the top coat is yellow -olive and the sides of the neck and chest orange yellow; on the throat a little brighter. The female chicks in the first year have grayish reins and ear-coverts. The crown and nape plumage is grayish faded yellow-olive. The top plumage is olive gray.
Resources, nutrition and reproduction
Mirage warblers inhabit the Pine - oak forests and pine forests mostly at altitudes 2500-4000 meters. They are predominantly non-migratory birds, with the exception of subspecies Peucedramus t. arizonae: Some individuals of this subspecies pull over the winter of Arizona and New Mexico in the distribution areas in northwest Mexico and return in early April back. The birds in the extreme Arizona border with Mexico remain predominantly in their areas, they rarely migrate to Texas.
In the winter, individual animals or small groups often close together with warbler species to small flocks. They feed primarily on insects, they are looking for in the middle and higher vegetation. They apply a similar behavior as the pine warbler (Dendroica pinus ) and the gold -throated Warbler ( Dendroica dominica ). Often they are like this insidiously to sift or examine by the similar structure of the beak cracks and crevices of the bark of pine branches along.
The breeding season is from May to July. The compact cup-shaped nest of moss, lichens and plant roots lay deceit Warbler at the outer ends of branches of coniferous trees at heights 10-23 meters. The nest is lined with fine plant and root fibers. A clutch consists of three to four eggs. Information about Bebrütungs and nestling period are not available.
Subspecies and distribution
There are six recognized subspecies:
- Peucedramus t. taeniatus (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847) - Comes from Guerrero in Mexico over Südzentralmexiko to Guatemala before.
- Peucedramus t. aurantiacus Ridgway, 1896
- Peucedramus t. arizonae Miller & Griscom, 1925 - Widespread in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico to the north-west of Mexico (Chihuahua, Sinaloa and Durango )
- Peucedramus t. jaliscensis Miller & Griscom, 1925 - Mexico ( Jalisco From east to Nuevo León and Tamaulipas )
- Peucedramus t. Micrus Miller & Griscom, 1925 - Spread of El Salvador and Honduras to Nicaragua.
- Peucedramus t. Giraudi JT Interior, 1948 - Mexico ( Jalisco and Michoacán from east to west in the central Veracruz )