Oxybasis rubra

Red Goosefoot ( Oxybasis rubra)

The Red Goosefoot ( Oxybasis rubra, Syn.Chenopodium rubrum ), also called red goosefoot, is a flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). It is native to central Europe and spread all over the northern hemisphere.

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Red goosefoot is an annual herbaceous plant with plant height usually 10 to 80 (up to 150 ) cm. The upright or prostrate - ascending, usually highly branched stalk is crowded bright green or purple, striped indistinctly, ripped and bald.

The change-constant leaves are divided into leaf blade and petiole. The green or reddish leaves are somewhat fleshy, non-aromatic, and both sides ( almost) the same color. The petiole having a length of 0.5 to 4.5 mm. The leaf blade is triangular with a length of 1-9 cm and a width of 1-6 cm, ovoid or egg-shaped rhombic. The leaf base narrows wedge-shaped in the petiole. The leaf margin is irregular deeply sinuate dentate, with three to five pairs of triangular, slightly incurved teeth. The uppermost leaves can be almost entire, sometimes.

Inflorescence and flower

The lateral, branched inflorescences contain translucent aged men almost spherical, knäuelige partial inflorescences with a diameter of 2 to 5 mm. The bracts are linear with a length of 0.4 to 2 cm.

The flowers are hermaphrodite or female. The green, crop time often red perianth consists in the terminal flower in the tangle of four to five tepals, with the lateral flowers of three usually only in the lower part fused tepals. The Tepalenzipfel are obovate - lanceolate to elliptic, up to 1 mm long and 0.8 mm wide, usually glabrous, rounded on the back (sometimes keeled ). There are two to three stamens present. In the ovary there are two very short scars.

Fruit and seeds

For fruit time the fruit is surrounded by the green, often becoming red perianth. The fruit is ovoid, the membranous, white, reticular - dotted pericarp is not due to the seed. The vertical, inclined or horizontal Same with a diameter of 0.6 to 1 (1.2 ) mm is spherical or flat broad - ovate with rounded outline and a blunt edge. The reddish- brown to red-black seed coat is smooth or covered with very small, elongated pits.

Flowers Ecology

The flowering period extends from July to September. Pollination is often by the wind or by self-pollination, rarely by insects.

Chromosome number

The chromosome number is 2n = 36, in a study also 2n = 18 were found.

Ecology

The Red Goosefoot is a food plant for the caterpillars of the Log - blade tensioner ( Pelurga comitata ).

Occurrence and risk

The Red Goosefoot is spread all over the northern hemisphere ( circumpolar ) in Europe, the temperate regions of Asia and North America. As an introduced species, it also occurs in other areas.

In Central Europe, the Red Goosefoot colonized nitrogen-rich river corridors Report, for example on gravel banks, which are called rubri in the system of plant sociology after him Chenopodietum. It grows well in the short-lived ruderal ( Sisymbrion ) on fresh to moist soils, for example, on village streets, open sewage gutters, dung heaps or dumps. From the level he rises up in middle mountain areas. Occasionally, it is also found in halophytes corridors or lime-and nutrient-rich loam and Tonäckern.

The Red Goosefoot is considered as indicator plant for excessive wealth nitrogen in the soil.

The native species is in Germany nationwide safely. However, in the Saarland and Baden- Württemberg it is considered endangered ( Red List of Threatened Species 3).

In Switzerland, the Red Goosefoot applicable in some regions as endangered or threatened with extinction.

System

Oxybasis rubra (L.) P. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch belongs to the tribe Atripliceae in the subfamily within the family Amaranthaceae Chenopodioideae.

The first publication as Chenopodium rubrum was performed in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, Volume 1, page 218 by molecular genetic studies turned out that the type is not one of Chenopodium in the narrower sense. Therefore, it was provided by Suzy Fuentes - Bazan, Pertti Uotila and Thomas Borsch in the genus Oxybasis 2012 ( in Willdenowia 42, 2012, p 15 ).

Synonyms for Oxybasis rubra (L.) P. Fuentes, Uotila & Borsch, based on the same type specimen, are Blitum rubrum (L.) Rchb. , Chenopodium rubrum L., Orthosporum rubrum (L.) T. Nees, Atriplex rubra ( L.) Crantz, Blitum var polymorphum rubrum (L.) Beck, Botrys rubra (L.) Lunell, and Orthospermum rubrum (L.) Opiz.

As more synonyms Blitum apply acuminatum Schur, Blitum maritimum Nutt., Blitum polymorphum CAMey. , Blitum polymorphum var humile ( Hook. ) Moq. , Blitum rubrum CAMey. , Blitum rubrum var crassicaule Moq. , Blitum rubrum var humile ( Hook. ) Moq. , Blitum rubrum var hypoleucum Speg. , Blitum rubrum var macrospermum ( Hook.f. ) Speg. , Botrys humilis ( S.Watson ) Lunell. , Chenopodium ( nom. illeg. ) acuminatum Schur, Chenopodium astracanium Ledeb. , Chenopodium blitoides Lej. , Chenopodium humile Hook., Chenopodium macrospermum Moq. (nom. illeg. ), Chenopodium matthioli Bertol. ex Moq. , Chenopodium patulum Mérat, Chenopodium pygmaeum Menyh. , Orthospermum acuminatum Schur and Schur Orthospermum crassifolium.

Use

The leaves of the Red crow's foot can be prepared raw or cooked like spinach. Raw leaves should be consumed but only in small quantities because of their content of saponins. The seeds can be ground to serve as a flour additive. It is recommended to soak them overnight and then thoroughly rinsed to remove the saponins.

The whole plant can be used as Dye plant for gold -green hues.

Documents

• Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: Image Atlas of ferns and flowering plants in Germany. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4, page 89 (Sections description, occurrence)
• Steven E. Clemants & Sergei L. Mosyakin: Chenopodium rubrum - text the same online as printed work In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1, Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford et al 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9, p 282 (sections description, occurrence)
• Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants: Chenopodium rubrum - text the same online as printed work in: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae, Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27- X, pp. 379 (sections description, occurrence)