Peter Grünberg
Peter Andreas Grünberg ( born May 18, 1939 in Plzeň ) is a German physicist. The focus of his research is in the field of solid state research. His most famous discovery of the GMR effect. 2007 Nobel Prize in physics, he was awarded for it.
Life
Grünberg was born in Pilsen, he lived with a sister born in 1937, first in Dýšina, then at home mother of Anna Petermann born in Untersekerschan in the district of Mies. His father, who since 1928 working for Škoda engineer Theodor Grünberg, died on 27 November 1945 as a German Pilsner in Czechoslovak detention and was buried in a mass grave.
Grünberg lived with his mother after their expulsion from Czechoslovakia in 1946 in the Hessian Frischborn in Lauterbach. There he laid in 1959 at the Alexander -von- Humboldt -Gymnasium in Lauterbach the Abitur. From 1962 he studied at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main and at the Technical University of Darmstadt. From 1966 to 1969 he was a graduate student there and was founded in 1969 by Professor Stefan Hufner with the work " Spectroscopic studies of some rare-earth garnets " Dr. rer. nat. doctorate. He spent three years at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada.
Since 1972 he worked at the Research Centre Jülich and habilitated in Cologne. In parallel, he was a lecturer from 1984 and from 1992 as an adjunct professor at the University of Cologne.
Since his retirement in 2004 Grünberg worked as a guest at the Jülich Research Center in the Institute for Solid State Research ( IFF), that is, since a restructuring in 2011 Peter Grünberg Institute ( PGI ).
Since 2008, Green Mountain is a full member of the North Rhine- Westphalian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Work
Grünberg explored as one of the first scientists to the magnetic properties of " thin films". This referred to as spintronics research branch uses the spin properties of the electron. So to be made possible in future novel, smaller circuits.
1986 Grünberg discovered the anti- ferromagnetic coupling in Fe / Cr layers.
At the turn of 1987/1988 discovered Grünberg - like almost the same time Albert Fert - the GMR effect, which allowed the end of the 1990s to increase the capacity of hard disks. Nowadays, the read function of the read-write head is based on almost every hard drive on the GMR effect. The royalties from the logged on discovering patents (starting with ) flowed into the tens of millions to the Institute in Jülich.
Honors and Awards
1994 Green Mountain was awarded the APS International Prize for New Materials ( with A. Fert and SSP Parkin ) and the IUPAP Magnetism Award ( with A. Fert ). In 1996 he received the Technology Award of the "Association of Friends and Supporters of the Research Center Jülich ." With the Hewlett- Packard EUR Physics Prize ( with A. Fert and SSP Parkin ) Green Mountain was honored in 1997. 1998 Grünberg received the German Future Prize by the Federal President Roman Herzog for his work on the GMR effect presented. In 2002 he received the " Green Mountain " principle an honorary doctorate from the University of Bochum. 2003 Green Mountain External Scientific Member of the Max was Planck Society and received the Knight von Gerstner Medal of the Sudeten Germans. In 2006 he was selected by the European Commission and the European Patent Office as the "European Inventor of the Year " in the category " University and research institutions ." In 2007, it is the Stern-Gerlach Medal of DPG and awarded in Israel in the Knesset, the Wolf Prize. Also in 2007 he was awarded, together with A. Fert and SSP Parkin honorary doctorate at the RWTH Aachen.
In the presence of the Japanese Emperor and Empress Grünberg received on 19 April 2007 in the National Theatre of Tokyo the internationally prestigious Japan Prize, along with Albert Fert of Université Paris -Sud. The two solid-state physicists were honored for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance ( GMR ). The award in the category " Innovation through basic research" is endowed with € 350,000 approximately.
On 9 October 2007 it was announced by the Nobel Foundation that he along with the Frenchman Albert Fert for - receives discovery of the GMR effect the Nobel Prize for Physics - independent. The award took place in Stockholm on 10 December 2007.
April 8, 2008 Grünberg received together with Gerhard Ertl of Germany's President Horst Köhler, the Great Cross of Merit with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.
On 24 April 2008 Peter Grünberg an honorary doctorate ( Dr. rer. Nat. H c. ) Was awarded the University of the Saarland.
On 25 April 2008 he made an honorary citizen rights were awarded by Jülich. On 18 August 2008 he was awarded an honorary citizenship of Lauterbach.
On 20 August 2008 he received the Order of Merit of North Rhine- Westphalia.
On 1 January 2011 the former Institute for Solid State Research and part of the Institute of Bio -and Nanosystems went on the Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI ) at Forschungszentrum Jülich.
On 15 March 2011 he was an honorary member of the German Physical Society, accompanied awarded with the golden badge of honor.
Others
The Goethe University appoints on October 15, 2008 a place for him.